Research

Energy balance

Adding Very Low Calorie Diets (VLCD, ≤800 kcal/day) to a standard low-intensity weight management program (WMP1) is not cost-effective compared to WMP1 alone.

For patients with severe obesity, adding very low-calorie diet meal replacements (≤800 kcal/day) to a standard 12-week behavioral weight management program is not a cost-effective strategy. The standard program alone provides better value for money. Patients should focus on sustainable behavioral changes rather than expensive, restrictive meal replacements.

GoodRefutesHIGH confidence
Adding a VLCD to WMP1 generated an ICER of over £121,000 per QALY compared to WMP1 alone.
Dwayne Boyers et al. · International Journal of Obesity · 2021

Why this rating

Based on the same decision analysis model as N1, using RCT data for effectiveness.

Source

Cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery and non-surgical weight management programmes for adults with severe obesity: a decision analysis model

Dwayne Boyers et al. · International Journal of Obesity · 2021

DOI 10.1038/s41366-021-00849-8

unknown · n=50000000Cited 48×
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DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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