Browse the evidence

The loss of lean body mass, including muscle, is a significant concern associated with weight loss treatments.

Practitioners should monitor muscle mass during weight loss interventions.

Treatment with tesamorelin led to marked reductions in waist circumference and improved lipid levels in a patient with nonobese visceral adiposity.

Tesamorelin may be an effective treatment for reducing visceral fat in specific HIV patients.

Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonists may induce generalized weight loss but may not effectively target visceral abdominal fat.

GLP-1 receptor agonists may not be the best choice for targeting visceral fat in HIV patients.

Higher maximum semaglutide dose was associated with lower post-landmark risk of all-cause mortality (RR 0.42, p<0.001) and composite cardiovascular events (RR 0.51, p<0.001).

Practitioners should consider maximizing semaglutide dosage to enhance cardiovascular outcomes.

Semaglutide was associated with lower cardiovascular events than metformin, DPP-4 and SGLT2 inhibitors.

Semaglutide may be a preferable option for patients at risk of cardiovascular events compared to other medications.

1-year treatment persistence among individuals without diabetes initiating high-potency, weight loss-indicated GLP-1RA products increased from 33.2% in 2021 to 60.9% in 1H 2024.

Practitioners should note the significant improvement in treatment persistence, which may indicate better patient adherence and management strategies.

Semaglutide 1-year persistence rates increased from 33.2% in 2021 to 58.6% in 1H 2024.

The increase in semaglutide persistence suggests improved patient adherence, which may be beneficial for weight management strategies.

Tirzepatide 1-year persistence rates were 64.0% in 2023 and 64.8% in 1H 2024.

The high persistence rates for tirzepatide indicate its potential effectiveness and acceptance among patients for weight management.

Diabetes remission rates reach 78% for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and 62% for sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Bariatric surgery can be an effective treatment for diabetes in obese patients.

Bariatric surgery demonstrates durability of outcomes over decades, while pharmacotherapy often requires lifelong administration to maintain weight loss.

Bariatric surgery may provide more sustainable weight loss results compared to medications.

Both treatments did not negatively impact fat-free mass after 3 months.

Both treatments can be used without concern for loss of lean body mass.

Weight gain among persons with HIV on contemporary antiretroviral therapy can lead to overweight/obesity in the first 1 to 2 years, resulting in enhanced cardiometabolic risk.

Healthcare providers should monitor weight changes in persons with HIV on ART to mitigate cardiometabolic risks.

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have substantial new evidence supporting their use in managing endocrine disorders.

Clinicians should consider the new evidence on GLP-1RAs for managing various endocrine disorders.

A thorough preoperative evaluation is essential to optimize outcomes and minimize risks for body contouring procedures after significant weight loss.

Practitioners should ensure thorough evaluations before body contouring surgeries.

Semaglutide represents a practice-changing therapy that addresses core pathophysiological drivers of ASCVD and HFpEF through integrated modulation of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction.

Clinicians should consider semaglutide as a key treatment option for managing ASCVD and HFpEF.

Liraglutide treatment improved glycaemia as indicated by decreased C-peptide levels.

Liraglutide may help improve blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Most individuals who lose weight through diet and lifestyle interventions regain all or a substantial portion of the weight back within 5 years.

Practitioners should be aware that weight loss may not be sustainable for many individuals.

Weight cycling (yo-yo dieting) may be detrimental to metabolism, eating behaviors, quality of life, and mortality rate.

Practitioners should consider the potential negative effects of weight cycling on overall health.

Human obesity is associated with insulin resistance and results in metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular complications.

Practitioners should recognize the link between obesity and insulin resistance when managing patients.

Antiobesity medications require long-term use to prevent weight regain.

Practitioners should emphasize the importance of ongoing medication adherence for effective weight management.

Community-based lifestyle interventions to manage excess weight can be successfully conducted in Indigenous Australians, but with generally limited efficacy.

Practitioners should consider implementing community-based lifestyle programs, while being aware of their limited effectiveness.

The effect of lifestyle programs on weight reduction was modest (∼2-4 kg after 4-12 months).

Weight loss from lifestyle programs may be limited, and practitioners should set realistic expectations.

SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrate significant benefits beyond glucose control.

Practitioners should consider these medications for benefits beyond glycemic control.

Physicians must stay updated with the latest knowledge to enhance glycemic control and mitigate long-term complications.

Continuous education is essential for improving patient outcomes in diabetes care.