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46% of the 104 studies analyzed lacked information on the proportion of older individuals.

Practitioners should be aware of the lack of representation of older patients in clinical trials when prescribing these medications.

Older patients were mostly underrepresented in clinical trials for GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors.

Practitioners should consider the implications of underrepresentation when treating older patients.

No significant differences in efficacy and safety of the drugs were found between age groups.

Practitioners can consider that the efficacy and safety of these medications do not significantly vary with age.

Common side effects of all GLP-1-agonists include an increased risk of gastrointestinal and gallbladder-related complaints.

Clinicians should be aware of potential gastrointestinal and gallbladder-related side effects when prescribing GLP-1-agonists.

Anti-obesity vaccines are primarily in preclinical to Phase II stages, with candidates like ghrelin vaccines showing up to 15% reduced weight gain in preclinical models.

Ghrelin vaccines may be a promising avenue for reducing weight gain in future therapies.

Somatostatin vaccines achieved 10–13% weight loss in mice.

Somatostatin vaccines may provide a viable option for weight loss in future treatments.

Anti-obesity vaccines face significant immunological and regulatory challenges.

Understanding these challenges is crucial for developing effective anti-obesity vaccines.

Many individuals do not continue therapy indefinitely.

Clinicians should be aware of potential adherence issues with incretin therapy.

Acute administration of 0839 and 0833 dose-dependently reduced food intake in normal weight rats.

Both 0839 and 0833 may be effective in reducing food intake in normal weight populations.

46% of the 104 studies analyzed lacked information on the proportion of older individuals.

Practitioners should be cautious about the applicability of findings to older patients.

Older patients were mostly underrepresented in clinical trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors.

Clinical guidelines may need to consider the lack of data on older patients.

The most common adverse reactions associated with tirzepatide are gastrointestinal disorders.

Healthcare providers should inform patients about potential gastrointestinal side effects when prescribing tirzepatide.

Amylin receptor activation has emerged as a promising drug target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity.

Practitioners should consider amylin receptor activators as a potential treatment option for obesity and diabetes.

The 1998 overweight and obesity clinical guidelines defined overweight as a BMI of 25–29.9 kg/m2 and obesity as a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2.

Practitioners should use these definitions for assessing and managing weight status.

SGLT2i sind etabliert zur Reduktion von Herzinsuffizienzhospitalisierungen und Nierenendpunkten über das gesamte Herzinsuffizienzspektrum.

Clinicians should utilize SGLT2 inhibitors for managing heart failure and kidney disease.

The EndoCompass project identifies strategic research priorities in endocrine science to address critical hormone-related health challenges.

Practitioners should focus on the identified research priorities to improve hormone health.

Research priorities include genetic/epigenetic factors, brain-periphery communication, and environmental influences.

Understanding these factors can guide research and interventions in endocrine health.

Up to half of patients discontinue obesity medications within 1 to 2 years due to various reasons.

Practitioners should be aware of high discontinuation rates and address barriers to adherence.

If not detected and treated early, MASLD can progress to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Early detection and treatment of MASLD are crucial to prevent serious complications.

Further long-term, randomized, double-blind clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide.

Clinicians should be aware that more research is needed before fully endorsing tirzepatide as a treatment.

Future research should prioritize mechanistic human studies, real-world cardiovascular outcomes, and equity in drug access.

Practitioners and researchers should advocate for studies that address these areas to improve understanding and access to treatments.

In 2022, over 890 million adults were living with obesity, representing 43% of adults aged 18 years and over.

Health practitioners should recognize the significant prevalence of obesity in adult populations.

There is a biologically plausible link between GLP-1 RAs and pathways central to periodontal inflammation and host response.

Understanding this link may guide future research on periodontal treatments.

Tirzepatide reverses β-cell dedifferentiation in HFD-fed mice.

Tirzepatide may help restore β-cell function by reversing dedifferentiation in diabetic conditions.