Research
Energy balance
The mean energy of the 158 meals from non-chain restaurants was 1327 kcal, which is equivalent to 66% of typical daily energy requirements.
Practitioners should be aware that meals from non-chain restaurants can contribute significantly to daily caloric intake.
StrongSupportsmedium confidence
Mean energy of the 158 meals was 1327 kcal (95% CI, 1248–1406 kcal), equivalent to 66% of typical daily energy requirements.
Why this rating
The study used bomb calorimetry to measure energy content, indicating a robust methodology.
Source
The energy content of restaurant foods without stated calorie information
Lorien E. Urban et al. · The FASEB Journal · 2013
DOI 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.221.2
other · n=158
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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