Research
Hormonal
Cigarette smokers had increased serum levels of DHEA (18% higher), DHEAS (13% higher), cortisol (5% higher), androstenedione (33% higher), testosterone (9% higher), DHT (14% higher), and SHBG (8% higher) compared to nonsmokers, independent of relative weight and age.
Practitioners should be aware that smoking significantly affects hormone levels in middle-aged men.
StrongSupportsmedium confidence
Compared with nonsmokers and independent of relative weight (body mass index) and age, cigarette smokers had increased serum levels of DHEA (18% higher, P = 0.0002), DHEAS (13% higher, P = 0.0007), cortisol (5% higher, P = 0.01), androstenedione (33% higher, P = 0.0001), testosterone (9% higher, P = 0.009), DHT (14% higher, P = 0.004), and SHBG (8% higher, P = 0.004).
Why this rating
Based on the large sample size and cross-sectional design.
Source
The relation of smoking, age, relative weight, and dietary intake to serum adrenal steroids, sex hormones, and sex hormone-binding globulin in middle-aged men.
Alison E. Field et al. · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 1994
DOI 10.1210/jcem.79.5.7962322
cross-sectional · n=1241Cited 410×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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