Research
Energy balance
There is no definitive evidence of causality between ultra-processed foods and adverse health outcomes.
Practitioners should be cautious in making definitive claims about UPFs and health outcomes.
StrongQualifiesmedium confidence
However, no definitive evidence of causality has been established.
Why this rating
The claim is based on the current understanding of the research landscape.
Source
Ultra-Processed Foods—Dietary Foe or Potential Ally?
Sabrina Nees et al. · Nutrients · 2024
DOI 10.3390/nu16071013
reviewCited 6×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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