Beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonists (e.g., mirabegron) increase brown adipose tissue activation, metabolic rate, and reduce blood glucose, but are limited by adverse cardiovascular effects.

In humans, a high dose of mirabegron, a β3-adrenergic agonist approved for the treatment of overactive bladder, is effective in increasing BAT activation, increasing metabolic rate, and reducing blood glucose levels (15). However, due to potent cardiovascular effects, the beneficial metabolic actions promoted by a high dose of mirabegron are accompanied by adverse properties, such as increased heart rate and increased blood pressure (16).