Hormonal
SGLT-2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin) significantly reduce cardiovascular mortality and heart failure hospitalizations in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, independent of glycemic control.
If you have Type 2 Diabetes and heart disease or high risk, ask your doctor about SGLT-2 inhibitors (like empagliflozin or dapagliflozin). These drugs protect your heart and kidneys beyond just lowering blood sugar, significantly reducing the risk of heart failure hospitalization and death. Be aware of potential side effects like infections, but discuss how the heart benefits may outweigh these risks for your specific health profile.
EMPAREG OUTCOME is a large trial focused on CV safety related to the use of empaglifozin in patients with T2DM and established CVD. It was found that empaglifozin led to a moderate but significant reduction in the primary composite CV endpoint (death for CV causes, non-fatal MI, and non-fatal stroke) and a remarkable decrease in CV and all-causes mortality [58]. Moreover, empaglifozin led to a significant decrease in hospitalisation or death for HF and these results arose quickly, probably because of its diuretic effect [59].
Why this rating
Based on large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) like EMPA-REG OUTCOME, CANVAS, and DECLARE TIMI-58 cited in the review.
Source
Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A New Challenge in the Treatment and Management
Graziano Riccioni et al. · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2025
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