Research
Mixed
Sleep deprivation has a rapid antidepressant effect, likely by normalizing a deficient Process S (homeostatic sleep pressure).
For individuals with depression, sleep deprivation can induce rapid mood improvement, though this effect is often temporary. This highlights the importance of sleep homeostasis in mood regulation.
GoodQualifiesHIGH confidence
A deficiency of Process S was proposed to account for both depressive sleep disturbances and the antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation.
Why this rating
Based on thousands of patient observations and subsequent research.
Source
The two‐process model of sleep regulation: a reappraisal
Alexander A. Borbély et al. · Journal of Sleep Research · 2016
DOI 10.1111/jsr.12371
narrative_reviewCited 1,552×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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