Research
Mixed
Consuming an additional daily serving of unprocessed or processed red meat is associated with significantly increased risk of mortality, coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, stroke, and colorectal cancer, and has the highest environmental impact.
Limit or eliminate daily consumption of unprocessed and processed red meat. This is linked to higher risks of heart disease, diabetes, stroke, cancer, and early death, as well as the highest environmental impact. Replace with plant-based proteins like legumes, nuts, or whole grains.
StrongRefutesHIGH confidence
Consumption of unprocessed and processed red meat is associated with significant increases in disease risk for all 5 health outcomes examined here... Producing a serving of unprocessed red meat has the highest impact for all 5 environmental indicators
Why this rating
Based on 19 dose-response meta-analyses and life cycle assessments.
Source
Multiple health and environmental impacts of foods
Michael Clark et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2019
Meta-analysis · 19 studiesCited 826×
Read the paper This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →