Research
Energy balance
Higher weekly consumption of fast food meals is positively associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in adult women, independent of demographic factors.
For women, eating fast food more than once a week is linked to higher body weight. This link is strongest for low-income women. To manage weight, reducing fast food frequency may help lower overall calorie and fat intake.
ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
In women, fast food eating and TV viewing were both positively associated with body mass index. The relationships were strongest among low-income women.
Why this rating
Observational longitudinal study with self-reported data; associations are significant but causality is inferred.
Source
Epidemic obesity in the United States: are fast foods and television viewing contributing?
Robert W. Jeffery et al. · American Journal of Public Health · 1998
DOI 10.2105/ajph.88.2.277
cohort · n=1059Cited 504×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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