Research
Micronutrients & recovery
Supplementation with Vitamin E and Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) does not significantly reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, and may have adverse effects in some trials.
Do not rely on Vitamin E or Vitamin C supplements to prevent heart disease, as evidence shows they are not significantly associated with reduced risk and may have adverse effects in some trials.
GoodRefutesHIGH confidence
Insufficient evidence... of association is present for intake of supplementary vitamin E and ascorbic acid (vitamin C)... results of some RCTs of dietary supplements paradoxically revealed adverse effects on CHD for certain nutrients
Why this rating
Strong evidence from RCTs showing no benefit or potential harm, despite observational data suggesting benefits from food sources.
Source
A Systematic Review of the Evidence Supporting a Causal Link Between Dietary Factors and Coronary Heart Disease
Andrew Mente et al. · Archives of Internal Medicine · 2009
DOI 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.38
Meta-analysis · 189 studiesCited 1,280×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern significantly reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, an association supported by both strong observational evidence and randomized controlled trials.Strong
- High intake of trans-fatty acids and foods with a high glycemic index or load significantly increases the risk of coronary heart disease.Strong
- Higher intake of fish, marine n-3 fatty acids, folate, whole grains, dietary vitamins E and C, beta carotene, alcohol, fruit, and fiber is associated with a moderate reduction in coronary heart disease risk.Good
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