Research
Hormonal
Exercise training restores impaired insulin-stimulated PI3-kinase (PI3K) activity in skeletal muscle, which is typically decreased in insulin-resistant subjects and type 2 diabetes patients.
Insulin resistance often involves a broken signal inside muscle cells that prevents glucose from entering. Exercise helps repair this specific signaling pathway (PI3K activity), allowing insulin to do its job of moving sugar out of the blood and into the muscle.
GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
It would appear that the major effects of repeated contractions on the insulin signalling cascade in insulin-resistant muscle are confined to a training-induced restoration of insulin-stimulated PI3K activity...
Why this rating
Cites multiple human studies (Houmard et al. 1999, Kirwan et al. 2000) showing correlation between PI3K activity and glucose disposal.
Source
Exercise training‐induced improvements in insulin action
John A. Hawley et al. · Acta Physiologica · 2007
DOI 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01783.x
narrative_reviewCited 444×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- Repeated exercise training produces persistent improvements in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity through up-regulation of GLUT4, AMPK, and lipid oxidation pathways, whereas a single bout of exercise only provides a transient (approx. 48h) insulin-sensitizing effect.Good
- Exercise training improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant individuals by increasing lipid oxidation and reducing intramuscular lipid species (ceramides and diacylglycerol) that inhibit insulin signaling.Good
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