Research
Micronutrients & recovery
Combined Vitamin D and Calcium supplementation is associated with an increased risk of renal and urinary tract stones.
If you take combined Vitamin D and Calcium supplements, be aware that it may slightly increase your risk of developing kidney stones, particularly if you are a postmenopausal woman. Stay hydrated and discuss your personal risk factors with your healthcare provider.
ModerateRefutesMEDIUM confidence
One RCT showed adverse outcomes associated with supplementation, including increased risk for renal and urinary tract stones. The Women’s Health Initiative trial found an increase in the risk for renal and urinary tract stones with supplementation (hazard ratio, 1.17 [CI, 1.02 to 1.34] for both outcomes).
Why this rating
Based on a single large RCT (Women's Health Initiative) with good quality rating.
Source
Vitamin D With or Without Calcium Supplementation for Prevention of Cancer and Fractures: An Updated Meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Mei Chung et al. · Annals of Internal Medicine · 2011
Meta-analysis · 47 studiesCited 415×
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