Mixed
Higher dietary intake of fruit, whole grains, and coffee is associated with increased circulating levels of hippurate, a metabolite produced by gut microbiota that serves as a marker for higher gut microbiome diversity.
To potentially support gut microbiome diversity and metabolic health markers, increase your intake of fruit, whole grains, and coffee. These foods are associated with higher levels of hippurate, a metabolite linked to a lower risk of metabolic syndrome.
Higher intakes of fruit and whole grains were associated with higher levels of hippurate cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
Why this rating
Large observational cohort (n=1529 discovery, n=420 validation) with replication in discordant twins, though not a randomized controlled trial.
Source
Hippurate as a metabolomic marker of gut microbiome diversity: Modulation by diet and relationship to metabolic syndrome
Tess Pallister et al. · Scientific Reports · 2017
DOI 10.1038/s41598-017-13722-4
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