Research

Energy balance

Increased scrotal temperature from tight clothing, hot baths, or laptop use impairs fertility by increasing ROS generation, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis.

Avoid activities that increase scrotal temperature, such as wearing tight underwear, taking hot baths, or placing laptops on your lap. These can impair sperm quality by increasing oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation.

ModerateRefutesMEDIUM confidence
The exposure of testes to an increase of temperature can impair fertility through the alteration of sperm parameters (number, motility and morphology) and the damage of sperm membrane integrity
Alessandro Ilacqua et al. · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · 2018

Why this rating

The paper cites animal and human studies, but notes conflicting data on mobile phones and laptops, and limited evidence on scrotal cooling efficacy.

Source

Lifestyle and fertility: the influence of stress and quality of life on male fertility

Alessandro Ilacqua et al. · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · 2018

DOI 10.1186/s12958-018-0436-9

narrative_reviewCited 308×
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DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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