Research
Energy balance
The doubly labelled water (DLW) method provides a highly accurate and precise measure of energy expenditure in free-living subjects, serving as a gold standard for validating energy intake assessments.
The doubly labelled water method is the gold standard for measuring energy expenditure in free-living subjects, but its high cost and complexity limit its routine use. Alternative validation methods like the EI/BMR ratio are available.
StrongSupportsHIGH confidence
The doubly labelled water method (DLW) is described elsewhere in this report. Its use in the field of dietary... allows, for the first time, assessment of energy expenditure (and by equivalence energy intake) in free-living subjects over a period of one or more weeks.
Why this rating
The paper cites high accuracy and precision, with small bias compared to whole body calorimetry.
Source
Dietary intake measurements
I. H. E. Rutishauser · Public Health Nutrition · 2005
DOI 10.1079/phn2005798
narrative_reviewCited 300×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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