Energy balance
Consuming ≥33% of total daily energy intake during the midday period (11:00–17:00) is associated with a lower risk of being overweight or obese compared to consuming less than 33%.
Shift your largest meal to midday (between 11:00 and 17:00). Aim to consume at least one-third of your daily calories during this window. This timing is associated with a lower risk of obesity compared to eating the same amount in the evening. You do not need to force a large breakfast; simply ensuring your main caloric intake happens earlier in the day may help regulate your overall energy balance.
Participants who consumed ≥33% (versus <33%) of their daily energy intake at 12.00 h were (nonsignificantly) less likely to be overweight/obese [odds ratio (OR) = 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.37–1.24] and this association was stronger and statistically significant among true-reporters (OR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.12–0.95).
Why this rating
Cross-sectional design limits causal inference; however, the use of doubly-labeled water for a subset ('true-reporters') strengthens validity.
Source
Timing of energy intake during the day is associated with the risk of obesity in adults
Julie B. Wang et al. · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · 2013
DOI 10.1111/jhn.12141
Related findings · Energy balance
- Achieving a total body weight loss of 10-15% (or >10-15 kg) through Total Diet Replacement (TDR) induces remission of Type 2 Diabetes in individuals with short-duration disease.Strong
- Bariatric surgery is superior to medical management alone for inducing significant long-term weight loss, remission of type 2 diabetes, and reduction in mortality for patients with BMI ≥ 40 or ≥ 35 with comorbidities.Strong
- Achieving type 2 diabetes remission requires significant weight loss (≥15 kg) via major caloric restriction, independent of macronutrient composition.Strong
This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →