Mixed
High consumption of fast food (hamburgers, sausages, pizza) is associated with a significantly increased risk of incident depression in a prospective cohort study.
Limit your intake of fast food (hamburgers, sausages, pizza) to reduce your risk of developing depression. The study shows a clear dose-response relationship, meaning higher consumption leads to higher risk. While commercial baked goods also pose a risk, the relationship is not linear, suggesting a threshold effect. Focus on reducing these specific items rather than eliminating all processed foods.
A higher risk of depression was associated with consumption of fast food (fifth (Q5) v. first quintile (Q1): hazard ratio (HR) 5 1?36; 95 % CI 1?02, 1?81; P trend 5 0?003).
Why this rating
Prospective cohort design with long follow-up (median 6.2 years) and multiple adjustments, though reliant on self-reported diagnosis.
Source
Fast-food and commercial baked goods consumption and the risk of depression
Almudena Sánchez‐Villegas et al. · Public Health Nutrition · 2011
DOI 10.1017/s1368980011001856
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