Mixed
The protective association of glucosamine against all-cause mortality is significantly stronger in current smokers compared to non-current smokers.
If you smoke and take glucosamine, this study suggests you might derive a greater mortality benefit than non-smokers, possibly because your body has higher inflammation to counteract. However, quitting smoking remains the most effective way to reduce mortality risk.
The inverse associations of glucosamine use with all-cause mortality seemed to be somewhat stronger among current than non-current smokers (p for interaction=0.00080).
Why this rating
Statistically significant interaction (p<0.00083 after Bonferroni correction) in a large cohort, but still observational.
Source
Associations of regular glucosamine use with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a large prospective cohort study
Zhihao Li et al. · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · 2020
DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217176
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