Energy balance
PPARα activation suppresses the liver secretome (including complement and coagulation factors) to conserve energy during fasting, whereas FXR activation induces secretion to support nutrient processing in the fed state.
Your liver actively manages energy by adjusting how much protein it secretes based on whether you are eating or fasting. In the fed state, it produces more proteins (like clotting factors and complement) to support nutrient processing. In the fasted state, it reduces this production to save energy. This suggests that nutritional strategies, particularly for those with metabolic issues or undernutrition, should consider the timing of nutrient intake to align with these natural hormonal switches (PPARα for fasting, FXR for feeding).
we suggest that FXR licenses the process of secretion in the nutrient-rich fed state while PPARα spares resources by repressing it in the fasted state.
Why this rating
Supported by multiple lines of evidence including genetic knockout mice, human patient cases (FXR deficiency), and pharmacological agonist studies.
Source
Nutrient-sensing nuclear receptors PPARα and FXR control liver energy balance
Geoffrey A. Preidis et al. · Journal of Clinical Investigation · 2017
DOI 10.1172/jci88893
More from this paper
- PPARα and FXR have opposing effects on autophagy: PPARα induces autophagy during fasting to recover nutrients, while FXR suppresses it during the fed state.Good
- Chronic undernutrition is associated with dysregulated PPARα and FXR signaling, leading to decreased bile acid levels, suppressed secretion of complement and coagulation factors, and increased autophagy.Moderate
Related findings · Energy balance
- Achieving a total body weight loss of 10-15% (or >10-15 kg) through Total Diet Replacement (TDR) induces remission of Type 2 Diabetes in individuals with short-duration disease.Strong
- Bariatric surgery is superior to medical management alone for inducing significant long-term weight loss, remission of type 2 diabetes, and reduction in mortality for patients with BMI ≥ 40 or ≥ 35 with comorbidities.Strong
- Achieving type 2 diabetes remission requires significant weight loss (≥15 kg) via major caloric restriction, independent of macronutrient composition.Strong
This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →