Micronutrients & recovery
Higher plasma levels of endogenous antioxidants (albumin, bilirubin, glutathione, vitamin E, vitamin C, carotenoids) are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Focus on maintaining healthy plasma levels of antioxidants through a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole foods, rather than relying on single antioxidant supplements. Observational studies link higher natural levels of vitamins C, E, and carotenoids with lower CVD risk, but supplement trials have not confirmed these benefits and may even be harmful.
Long-term, large-scale, population-based cohort studies have found that higher levels of serum albumin, bilirubin, glutathione, vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoids were associated with a lower risk of CVD.
Why this rating
Based on multiple large-scale prospective cohort studies and meta-analyses, though RCTs of supplements show null effects.
Source
Plasma and Dietary Antioxidant Status as Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Review of Human Studies
Ying Wang et al. · Nutrients · 2013
DOI 10.3390/nu5082969
More from this paper
- Long-term use of single antioxidant supplements (Vitamin E, Beta-carotene) does not prevent cardiovascular disease and may increase the risk of certain adverse events.Strong
- Dietary intake of antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C, carotenoids, polyphenols) from whole foods is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, whereas supplementation with single antioxidants is not.Good
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