Macro partitioning
Higher percentage of energy from carbohydrates at breakfast is associated with a significantly lower risk of major cardiovascular events and stroke in Chinese adults, particularly women.
For Chinese adults, prioritizing carbohydrates as the main energy source at breakfast (higher percentage of breakfast energy) is associated with a lower risk of heart disease and stroke, particularly for women. This does not mean unlimited carbs, but rather that carbs should constitute a larger proportion of breakfast energy compared to protein and fat.
Higher percentage energy from carbohydrate intake at breakfast was associated with a lower risk of major cardiovascular events (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1, HR 0.60 [95%CI 0.44–0.81]; ptrend < 0.0001), new-onset stroke (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1, HR 0.58 [95%CI 0.40–0.86]; ptrend = 0.0121).
Why this rating
Large prospective cohort (n=12,937), long follow-up (14 years), multivariable adjustment, but observational design limits causal inference.
Source
The association of energy and macronutrient intake at breakfast and cardiovascular disease in Chinese adults: From a 14-year follow-up cohort study
Xiaoan Du et al. · Frontiers in Nutrition · 2023
DOI 10.3389/fnut.2023.1093561
More from this paper
- Higher percentage of energy from protein or fat at breakfast is associated with a higher risk of major cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, and stroke.Good
- Moderate breakfast energy intake is associated with a reduced risk of major cardiovascular events and stroke, regardless of whether breakfast is skipped.Good
Related findings · Macro partitioning
- Total daily protein intake of 1.6 g/kg/day is sufficient for maximizing resistance training-induced muscle gains, with an upper confidence interval of 2.2 g/kg/day.Strong
- Resistance exercise training combined with sufficient dietary protein intake acts synergistically to maximize skeletal muscle hypertrophy, with protein intake saturating around 1.6 g/kg/day for general populations and potentially requiring 2.0-2.2 g/kg/day for resistance-trained individuals.Strong
- Trans fats should be completely eliminated from the diet, as they increase LDL cholesterol, decrease HDL cholesterol, and are directly associated with increased coronary risk.Strong
This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →