Research
Energy balance
Moderate breakfast energy intake is associated with a reduced risk of major cardiovascular events and stroke, regardless of whether breakfast is skipped.
Eating a moderate amount of calories at breakfast is associated with lower heart disease and stroke risk. It is not just about eating breakfast, but about how much you eat.
GoodQualifiesMEDIUM confidence
There was a significant reduction in major cardiovascular events and stroke when breakfast energy intake was moderated, even if the independence of skipping breakfast.
Why this rating
Large cohort, long follow-up, but non-linear relationship makes 'moderate' definition less precise.
Source
The association of energy and macronutrient intake at breakfast and cardiovascular disease in Chinese adults: From a 14-year follow-up cohort study
Xiaoan Du et al. · Frontiers in Nutrition · 2023
DOI 10.3389/fnut.2023.1093561
cohort · n=12937Cited 1×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- Higher percentage of energy from carbohydrates at breakfast is associated with a significantly lower risk of major cardiovascular events and stroke in Chinese adults, particularly women.Good
- Higher percentage of energy from protein or fat at breakfast is associated with a higher risk of major cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, and stroke.Good
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