Research
Energy balance
88% of players were categorized with low energy availability (EA) status according to the threshold of <30 kcal·kg-1 FFM.
Practitioners should address low EA in training and nutrition strategies for female soccer players.
StrongSupportsmedium confidence
When assessed for estimated EA, 88% of players were categorized with low EA status according to the threshold of <30 kcal·kg-1 FFM.
Why this rating
The study provides direct measurements of EA.
Source
Energy Expenditure of Female International Standard Soccer Players: A Doubly Labeled Water Investigation
JAMES C. MOREHEN et al. · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · 2021
DOI 10.1249/mss.0000000000002850
cohort · n=24Cited 30×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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