Browse the evidence

The glycemic index (GI) provides a measure of carbohydrate quality based on postprandial blood glucose responses.

Understanding GI can help clinicians guide patients in making better carbohydrate choices.

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) may help manage psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in patients with obesity.

Clinicians may consider GLP-1RAs as a treatment option for obese patients with PsO and PsA.

The degree of muscle-based losses varied widely among the incretin groups.

Individual responses to incretin therapies can vary, necessitating personalized treatment approaches.

Intensive glycemic control can precipitate hypoglycemic events, which may lead to serious complications.

Healthcare providers should monitor patients closely to prevent hypoglycemic events during intensive glycemic control.

Metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidaemia are major drivers of cardiovascular risk.

Practitioners should focus on addressing metabolic disorders to reduce cardiovascular risk.

New pharmacological approaches aim to conserve lean body mass during weight loss.

Emerging drugs may help maintain muscle mass during weight loss, which is crucial for long-term success.

GLP-1 receptor agonists are approved for steatotic liver disease, with demonstrated histologic and biochemical benefits.

GLP-1 receptor agonists can be utilized in clinical practice for managing steatotic liver disease effectively.

Ingestion of a single bolus of hydrolyzed collagen or free amino acids substantially increases circulating amino acids concentrations, particularly glycine.

Practitioners can consider collagen and amino acid supplementation to enhance amino acid availability post-exercise.

A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Monitoring BMI can be crucial for preventing CKD in at-risk populations.

Plasma essential amino acid concentrations increased after protein ingestion, but did not differ between recombinant bovine β-lactoglobulin (rBLG) and whey.

Both rBLG and whey can effectively increase amino acid levels post-ingestion, making them viable protein sources.

Calcium release statistically improved with an 8 mg • kg -1 dose of caffeine compared to both a 6 mg • kg -1 dose and placebo.

Enhancing calcium release through caffeine may be beneficial for strength training outcomes.

The number of skeletal muscle satellite cells (N-CAM +) increased significantly by T4 and remained elevated at T120.

Practitioners can expect that eccentric exercise may enhance satellite cell activation, aiding muscle recovery.

A vegan diet had a more pronounced impact on the innate immune system than a ketogenic diet.

Practitioners may consider vegan diets for enhancing innate immune responses.

A ketogenic diet had a more pronounced impact on B and T cell response compared to a vegan diet.

Practitioners may consider ketogenic diets for enhancing B and T cell responses.

A ketogenic diet significantly alters microbiome composition compared to a vegan diet.

Practitioners may consider the impact of ketogenic diets on gut microbiome composition.

There were no differences in muscle protein synthesis rates between fast and slow protein ingestion patterns.

Both fast and slow protein ingestion can be effective for muscle synthesis, with no significant difference.

Obesity can lead to skin diseases such as psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa.

Practitioners should be aware of the dermatological implications of obesity.

Obesity initiates the development of insulin resistance through increased adipose tissue size, inflammation, and ectopic fat deposition.

Understanding the role of obesity in insulin resistance can guide interventions.

Inflammation and fat accumulation are key drivers for losing insulin sensitivity.

Addressing inflammation and fat accumulation may improve insulin sensitivity.

Weight loss, regardless of the method used to achieve it, is inadvertently accompanied by lean body mass loss, to varying degrees.

Practitioners should be aware that weight loss methods may lead to loss of lean body mass.

The loss of lean body mass, including muscle, is a significant concern associated with weight loss treatments.

Practitioners should monitor muscle mass during weight loss interventions.

Higher maximum semaglutide dose was associated with lower post-landmark risk of all-cause mortality (RR 0.42, p<0.001) and composite cardiovascular events (RR 0.51, p<0.001).

Practitioners should consider maximizing semaglutide dosage to enhance cardiovascular outcomes.

Semaglutide was associated with lower cardiovascular events than metformin, DPP-4 and SGLT2 inhibitors.

Semaglutide may be a preferable option for patients at risk of cardiovascular events compared to other medications.

Human obesity is associated with insulin resistance and results in metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular complications.

Practitioners should recognize the link between obesity and insulin resistance when managing patients.