Browse the evidence

Different eccentric phase tempos do not produce significant differences in strength and muscle hypertrophy for knee extensors, except for the Vastus Medialis.

Practitioners may not need to vary eccentric tempos for hypertrophy and strength gains in knee extensors, except for targeting the Vastus Medialis.

There were no significant differences in myofibrillar or sarcoplasmic protein concentrations between high and low anabolic responders before or after the 12-week RET program.

Practitioners should note that muscle protein concentrations may not be a reliable indicator of anabolic response to resistance training.

Changes in vastus lateralis muscle thickness did not statistically differ between training programs with different proximities to failure.

Practitioners may consider that varying proximity to failure does not significantly impact muscle thickness gains in trained individuals.

No significant differences were observed in relative volume between the 4-6 RPE and 7-9 RPE groups.

Practitioners can expect similar training volumes to yield comparable results in muscle adaptations.

Changes in post-exercise cell-free DNA (cfDNA) may predict velocity of resistance exercise performance throughout a 96-hour recovery period.

Monitoring cfDNA levels may help trainers assess recovery and performance readiness.

There were no between condition differences for changes in creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), or delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS).

Trainers may not need to adjust recovery protocols based on CK, LDH, or DOMS after these exercises.

Autoregulated-based training (ABT) did not show a significant increase in muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis at 50% femur length (VL50) from 26.72±3.75 mm to 28.45±3.42 mm (+6.47%; p=0.16).

ABT may not be as effective as PBT for increasing VL50 muscle thickness.

The between-group effect sizes for changes in MT were trivial to small.

The differences in muscle hypertrophy between training intensities may not be clinically significant.

The findings regarding PM muscle hypertrophy between the different RPE groups are statistically inconclusive.

Further research is needed to clarify the effects of training intensity on muscle hypertrophy.

There was a significant main effect of resting muscle glycogen content, exercise intensity, and time on pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activation.

Understanding the effects of glycogen and intensity on PDH can inform training and nutrition strategies.

Phosphorylation of p70S6KThr389 is similar in both low and normal glycogen conditions following resistance exercise.

Resistance training outcomes may not be adversely affected by low glycogen levels in terms of key signaling pathways.

Chronic adaptations in skeletal muscle are likely to be the result of the cumulative effect of repeated bouts of exercise.

Consistent endurance training is essential for achieving long-term muscle adaptations.

Pulse feeding (10 g) appears to have only modest capacity for activating translation.

Smaller, more frequent protein doses may not be as effective for muscle protein synthesis compared to larger doses.

Repeated muscle glycogen supercompensation is not possible, even with a high CHO diet and light training, but performance enhancement is maintained.

Athletes should be aware that while performance may improve, they cannot expect to continually increase glycogen stores through repeated carbohydrate loading.

Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses and lymphocyte proliferation were significantly increased in both CR groups compared to baseline.

Calorie restriction can enhance specific immune responses in overweight individuals.

There is a link between metabolism and inflammation as a protective mechanism for adaptation to dietary intake in humans.

This understanding can inform dietary recommendations for health.

Protein intake at 2.9g.kg-1.d-1 did not enhance indices of recovery following resistance exercise when peri-exercise protein consumption was controlled for.

Practitioners may consider that 1.8g.kg-1.d-1 protein intake is sufficient for recovery in trained individuals.

No differences for TNF-α or muscle soreness were reported between groups.

Practitioners may not need to focus on TNF-α or muscle soreness as differentiators in protein intake strategies.

Grip strength declined by 38% following semaglutide treatment.

Monitoring grip strength may be important in patients receiving GLP-1RA therapy to assess muscle function.

Key therapeutic areas include innovative approaches for monogenic disorders, incretin mimetics, dual receptor agonists, microbiome analysis, and improved behavioural interventions.

Practitioners should consider these therapeutic areas for advancing treatment options.

The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, and long-term weight maintenance remains challenging.

Interventions for obesity must consider the multifactorial nature of the condition.

Adverse effects of dual agonists are largely gastrointestinal and manageable.

Healthcare providers should inform patients about the manageable gastrointestinal side effects of dual agonists.

All exercise groups (WB-EMS, Pilates, Yoga) significantly reduced muscle mass during diet-induced weight loss compared to the control group.

Incorporating exercise like WB-EMS, Pilates, or Yoga can help mitigate muscle loss during weight loss diets.

The activation of GLP-1R by semaglutide or THDBH120 improved lipid metabolism.

GLP-1R activation could be targeted for improving lipid metabolism in obese patients.