Browse the evidence

Gastrointestinal adverse effects are the most common safety concern associated with incretin analogs.

Clinicians should monitor for gastrointestinal side effects when prescribing incretin analogs.

Weight loss may increase the risk for atherosclerosis among participants who were obese at baseline.

Weight loss in obese individuals should be approached with caution regarding atherosclerosis risk.

16.4% of participants were at high-risk for atherosclerosis as measured by cIMT.

A significant portion of the population studied is at high risk for atherosclerosis, indicating a need for preventive measures.

Aspiration therapy meets safety and effectiveness thresholds for incorporation into routine practice, but overall acceptance has been lower than other FDA-approved EBMTs.

Practitioners should be aware of the safety of aspiration therapy, but also its limited acceptance among patients.

The use of safe and effective weight-loss medications may influence referral patterns for MBS in the future.

Practitioners should consider the evolving landscape of obesity treatment when referring patients for MBS.

Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption (1.5 to 29.9 g per day) is associated with a reduced mortality rate among women.

Practitioners may consider advising light-to-moderate alcohol consumption for women at risk of coronary heart disease.

The benefit of light-to-moderate drinking is most apparent among women with risk factors for coronary heart disease and those aged 50 years or older.

Practitioners may focus on advising light-to-moderate drinking for older women or those with coronary heart disease risk factors.

Cumulative probabilities of elevated hs-cTnT at 6 years among persons with no diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus were 3.7%, 6.4%, and 10.8%, respectively.

Healthcare providers should monitor hs-cTnT levels in patients with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus due to higher probabilities of myocardial damage.

Compared with normoglycemic persons, the adjusted relative risks for incident elevated hs-cTnT were 1.40 for prediabetes and 2.47 for diabetes mellitus.

Clinicians should consider the increased risk of myocardial damage in patients with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus.

Persons with diabetes mellitus and incident elevations in hs-cTnT were at a substantially higher risk of heart failure, death, and coronary heart disease.

Patients with diabetes mellitus should be closely monitored for heart failure, mortality, and coronary heart disease risk.

Null findings for mortality in trials should be interpreted cautiously due to a lack of statistical power.

Caution should be exercised when drawing conclusions from trials that did not primarily focus on mortality outcomes.

Intakes of total fat, saturated fat, and animal fat were not related to risk of colon cancer.

Practitioners can inform patients that total and saturated fat intake may not significantly affect colon cancer risk.

The prudent dietary pattern had a nonsignificant inverse association with colon cancer.

The prudent dietary pattern may not significantly reduce colon cancer risk, but it is worth considering for overall health.

More research is needed on the health impact of overall dietary patterns.

There is a need for further studies to understand the comprehensive effects of dietary habits.

Conversional surgeries (e.g., RYGB, SADI-S, DS) are effective for managing post-bariatric recurrent weight gain (RWG) and diabetes recurrence, but carry higher risks of complications compared to primary surgery.

If you are gaining weight back after bariatric surgery and other treatments have failed, ask your doctor about conversional surgeries. These are more complex procedures that can effectively manage weight and diabetes, but they carry higher risks of complications. It is crucial to go to specialized centers with experienced surgeons and undergo strict postoperative surveillance.

POPs act as mitochondrial toxins at low doses, causing mitochondrial dysfunction which is a more plausible mechanism for T2D development than endocrine disruption alone.

POPs may damage your mitochondria, the energy powerhouses of your cells, contributing to diabetes. You can counteract this by improving mitochondrial function through exercise, calorie restriction, and eating plant-based foods rich in phytochemicals.

Common obesity is primarily driven by increased energy intake due to a changing food environment overwhelming homeostatic feedback, rather than defective homeostatic regulation.

Focus on the environment. Since homeostatic regulation is likely intact but overwhelmed, successful weight management requires changing the food environment (e.g., reducing access to hyper-palatable foods) and managing hedonic/cognitive triggers, rather than assuming a biological defect.

Decreased CPT1b expression in white adipose tissue does not quantitatively decrease whole-body energy expenditure enough to contribute to an obese phenotype.

Focusing on increasing fat tissue metabolism via CPT1b is likely ineffective for weight loss because fat tissue naturally has very low CPT1 activity compared to muscle and liver. Weight management strategies should prioritize interventions affecting metabolically active tissues or overall energy balance rather than targeting fat-specific fatty acid oxidation enzymes.

In the Greek adult population, the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity is approximately 47.5%, with significant gender and age-related variations where males exhibit higher overweight prevalence and obesity rates increase with age.

This survey indicates that nearly half of Greek adults are overweight or obese, with men carrying more excess weight and risk increasing as you age. This isn't just an individual issue but a population-wide trend driven by diet and activity levels. Focus on sustainable dietary changes and regular physical activity, as these are modifiable factors, regardless of how common they are in your social circle.

Activation of human brown adipose tissue (BAT) via cold exposure or pharmacological agents does not result in meaningful body weight loss and is not a viable strategy for obesity treatment.

Do not rely on cold exposure or brown fat supplements for weight loss. The energy burned by human brown fat is negligible compared to daily intake and is often offset by increased hunger. Focus on sustainable dietary changes and physical activity instead.

Intensive lifestyle interventions (weight loss) do not significantly reduce cardiovascular event rates in Type 2 Diabetes patients who already have well-controlled baseline cardiovascular risk factors.

If you have Type 2 Diabetes and your blood pressure and cholesterol are already well-managed, intensive weight loss may not further reduce your risk of heart attacks or strokes. However, weight loss remains valuable for improving your quality of life and managing diabetes symptoms. Focus on maintaining your current risk factor control.

In overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes, patterns of weight regain or weight cycling following intentional weight loss do not significantly increase the risk of incident fractures or significantly reduce bone mineral density compared to sustained weight loss/maintenance.

If you have type 2 diabetes and are overweight, you do not need to fear that regaining some weight after a successful loss will increase your risk of breaking a bone. Studies show that the fracture risk for people who regain or cycle weight is similar to those who maintain their weight loss. Focus on maintaining overall health rather than stressing over minor weight fluctuations.

In Type 2 Diabetes, Myocardial Infarction, Hypertension, and Sleep Apnea, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) is primarily driven by adiposity rather than independent inflammatory pathology, as the association attenuates or reverses upon adjustment for BMI.

If you have high blood pressure, diabetes, or a history of heart issues, your high CRP (inflammation) is likely caused by your weight, not a separate inflammatory disease. Focus on weight loss through diet and lifestyle changes rather than seeking anti-inflammatory medications, as reducing adiposity directly reduces the inflammation.

SGLT2 inhibitors improve cardiac energy efficiency in failing diabetic hearts by shifting fuel utilization from fatty acids to ketone bodies, which act as a 'super-fuel' that generates ATP more efficiently.

SGLT2 inhibitors change how your heart gets energy. Instead of struggling to burn fat, your heart efficiently burns ketones produced by the drug, which provides more energy with less stress, helping a failing heart function better.