Browse the evidence

Achieving a total body weight loss of 10-15% (or >10-15 kg) through Total Diet Replacement (TDR) induces remission of Type 2 Diabetes in individuals with short-duration disease.

If you have recently been diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes, focus on losing 10-15% of your body weight. The most effective way to do this, according to current evidence, is using a Total Diet Replacement program (like liquid formula meals) for 12 weeks, followed by a structured transition to healthy food. This approach is more likely to put your diabetes into remission than low-carb diets or medication alone. Be prepared to work with your doctor to safely stop diabetes medications during the weight loss phase, and have a plan for maintenance support to keep the weight off.

Bariatric surgery is superior to medical management alone for inducing significant long-term weight loss, remission of type 2 diabetes, and reduction in mortality for patients with BMI ≥ 40 or ≥ 35 with comorbidities.

If you have a BMI of 40 or higher, or 35 or higher with health issues, discuss bariatric surgery with your doctor. It is the most effective treatment for long-term weight loss and diabetes remission, far superior to diet and exercise alone for this group.

Achieving type 2 diabetes remission requires significant weight loss (≥15 kg) via major caloric restriction, independent of macronutrient composition.

To potentially reverse type 2 diabetes, you need to lose a significant amount of weight, specifically 15 kg or more. This is best achieved through a medically supervised very low-calorie diet (around 800-850 calories/day) for 12-20 weeks, followed by a structured reintroduction of food. The specific type of diet (low-carb vs low-fat) is less important than achieving this weight loss threshold.

Bariatric surgery (specifically Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass) is an effective treatment for severe obesity and can lead to remission of Type 2 Diabetes, particularly in patients with a short disease duration.

If you have severe obesity (BMI >40 or >35 with health issues), bariatric surgery is a medically recognized option that can potentially reverse Type 2 Diabetes, especially if you have had it for less than 10 years. Discuss this with a specialist to see if you are a candidate.

Bariatric surgery (Metabolic Bariatric Surgery) is the most effective intervention for achieving long-term Type 2 Diabetes remission, with remission rates up to 80% in the first two years, driven by both weight loss and weight-independent hormonal changes.

For individuals with severe obesity and Type 2 Diabetes, bariatric surgery (like Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy) offers the highest chance of remission (up to 80%). It works by restricting food intake and altering gut hormones. It is recommended for those with BMI >= 35, or BMI 30-35 if diabetes is uncontrolled by other means.

Creating an energy deficit is the primary driver of weight loss, regardless of macronutrient composition.

Focus on creating a daily caloric deficit (e.g., 500-750 kcal less than maintenance) rather than obsessing over whether you eat low-fat or low-carb. Be aware that your body will naturally lower energy expenditure over time, leading to plateaus, which is a normal physiological adaptation, not a personal failure.

Bariatric surgery (gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, duodenal switch) is the most effective intervention for significant weight loss and metabolic benefits in severe obesity.

For severe obesity, bariatric surgery (like gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy) is the most effective way to achieve significant weight loss. It works by restricting stomach size and/or altering digestion. It also improves metabolic health. Recovery is faster with modern laparoscopic techniques.

Calorie restriction (CR) results in a significant decrease in body weight of -7.5±0.4 kg compared to a control group with a change of 0.1±0.5 kg after 24 months.

Practitioners can consider CR as an effective method for weight loss in non-obese adults.

Calorie restriction leads to a significant decrease in fat mass (FM) of -5.3±0.3 kg compared to a control group with a change of 0.4±0.4 kg after 24 months.

Practitioners can utilize CR to effectively reduce fat mass in non-obese adults.

If you expend more calories than you consume, you will lose weight.

Weight loss strategies should emphasize calorie expenditure.

Older individuals should ingest at least 1.2 g of protein/kg/day to offset muscle atrophy.

Ensure older clients meet protein intake recommendations to support muscle maintenance.

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein is set at 0.8 g protein.kg-1.d-1 for individuals aged 19 years and older.

Nutritionists should use the RDA as a baseline for protein recommendations for adults.

Increasing physical activity is one of the most effective strategies for preventing and managing type-2 diabetes.

Promoting physical activity should be a priority in diabetes care.

Total energy intake is the most important factor in dietary interventions for weight loss.

Practitioners should prioritize managing total energy intake in dietary interventions.

Metabolic and bariatric surgeries are the most effective strategy for significant weight loss in people living with severe obesity.

This reinforces the importance of considering surgical options for significant weight loss in severely obese patients.

Weight loss (bariatric) surgery is recommended for patients with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or higher and for those with a BMI of 35 kg/m2 or greater with at least 1 obesity-related comorbidity.

Practitioners should consider bariatric surgery for eligible patients based on BMI and comorbidities.

Get at least 1 hour each day of physical activity.

Practitioners should encourage clients to engage in at least 1 hour of physical activity daily.

Lifestyle interventions, including dietary modifications and increased physical activity, are essential for obesity management.

Practitioners should incorporate lifestyle changes into obesity treatment plans.

For the treatment of obesity, a negative energy balance is crucial.

Weight loss strategies should focus on achieving a negative energy balance.

Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) is the most effective intervention for achieving significant and sustained weight loss, with mean excess weight loss (EWL) of 53% for sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and 63% for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) over 5 years.

Practitioners should consider BMS as a primary option for patients needing significant weight loss.

Bariatric surgery is the most effective long-term treatment for obesity, with an average weight loss of 30-40%.

Bariatric surgery should be considered for eligible patients as a highly effective long-term weight loss solution.

Caloric restriction leads to a significant decrease in body weight in the short term.

Practitioners should consider caloric restriction as an effective short-term strategy for weight loss.

The diet plan is a critical factor for weight loss in obese individuals.

Emphasize dietary changes alongside exercise in weight reduction programs.

Endurance athletes should consume a high-carbohydrate diet of 8-10 g CHO per kg body weight per day to enhance training and performance.

Endurance athletes should prioritize carbohydrate intake to improve their performance.