Browse the evidence

Reduced energy expenditure facilitates weight gain in individuals susceptible to obesity.

Weight management strategies should address energy expenditure to prevent weight gain in at-risk individuals.

Metformin reduced weight by 2.9% and BMI by 2.9% in men.

Metformin can be effective in reducing weight and BMI in men at risk for diabetes.

Endurance training resulted in a faster increase in femoral artery mean blood velocity (MBV) at the onset of exercise, with T63% decreasing from 14.2 +/- 2.1 s on Day 0 to 8.6 +/- 1.2 s after 10 days of training.

Endurance training can enhance the speed of blood flow response during exercise, which may improve performance.

The time to 63% of femoral artery vascular conductance (VCfa) was also faster following 10 days of endurance training, decreasing from 16.0 +/- 2.5 s on Day 0 to 9.4 +/- 0.9 s.

Improved vascular conductance response may enhance exercise efficiency.

The amplitude of cardiac output (CO) in the adaptive phase and at steady state was significantly greater at Day 10 compared to Day 0 for the endurance training group.

Increased cardiac output may lead to better performance during endurance activities.

Fat adaptation attenuates the rate of muscle glycogenolysis during submaximal exercise.

Implementing fat adaptation may help preserve glycogen stores during prolonged exercise.

Metabolic changes favoring fat oxidation persist even with restored endogenous carbohydrate stores.

Athletes may benefit from fat adaptation strategies even after carbohydrate intake is restored.

After 9 days of overfeeding, BMR increased by 622 kJ/day.

Increased BMR during overfeeding may help mitigate some weight gain effects.

Resistance training increased the activity of citrate synthase (CS) and beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (beta-HAD) in muscle.

Resistance training enhances muscle oxidative potential through increased enzyme activity.

The activity of hexokinase (HK) increased by 42% following resistance training.

Resistance training can significantly enhance glucose metabolism in muscle.

TEF correlated positively with the level of spontaneous physical activity (SPA) and negatively with fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations.

Increasing physical activity may enhance TEF.

Blood glucose levels were significantly higher at 60 minutes during trials with maltodextrin and fructose, and maltodextrin and high fructose corn syrup compared to water.

Carbohydrate drinks containing maltodextrin can effectively elevate blood glucose levels during prolonged cycling.

A 1 mmol/l increase in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is associated with a 17% increase in the risk of future cardiovascular events or death.

Practitioners should monitor fasting plasma glucose levels as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality.

The annualized cardiovascular or death event rate is higher among individuals with diabetes compared to those who are normoglycaemic.

Healthcare providers should prioritize cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with diabetes.

Caffeine increases plasma free fatty acid concentrations before exercise compared to placebo.

Caffeine may enhance fat utilization during exercise.

Metformin is the most studied pharmacological treatment for the prevention and treatment of PDWG.

Metformin may be a viable option for managing weight gain associated with psychiatric medications.

The greatest potential effect of diet composition occurs during maintenance of a reduced body weight.

Focus on diet composition during weight maintenance phases for better outcomes.

BWST training leads to reductions in plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

BWST training may be beneficial for improving lipid profiles in individuals with spinal cord injuries.

Exercise and insulin interact synergistically in stimulating glucose utilization (Rd) and carbohydrate oxidation (CHO OX).

Incorporating exercise can enhance the effectiveness of insulin in promoting glucose utilization and carbohydrate metabolism.

Exercise decreased the half-maximal doses (ED50) and increased the maximal responses (Vmax) for insulin-dependent glucose utilization (Rd) and carbohydrate oxidation (CHO OX).

Exercise can enhance insulin sensitivity and effectiveness in glucose metabolism.

Estimates of insulin-independent glucose utilization (Rd) and carbohydrate oxidation (CHO OX) were greater during exercise compared to rest.

Exercise can improve metabolic responses even in the absence of insulin.

The surgical group experienced a significant reduction in HbA1c from 9.1% to 6.3% over 5 years.

Metabolic surgery can significantly improve glycemic control in this patient population.

Mycoprotein consumption can lower circulating cholesterol concentrations.

Mycoprotein may be recommended for individuals looking to manage cholesterol levels.

The high-fat diet (HFD-CHO) increased total fat oxidation and reduced total carbohydrate oxidation during exercise.

Endurance athletes may benefit from a high-fat diet to enhance fat oxidation during prolonged exercise.