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GLP-1-based therapies elicit a clinically significant reduction in body weight.

Practitioners can expect GLP-1 therapies to aid in weight loss for patients with type 2 diabetes or obesity.

Tirzepatide significantly reduced body weight, BMI, and waist circumference compared with placebo.

Tirzepatide may be an effective treatment for reducing body weight and improving BMI in Chinese adults.

Participants with greater weight reduction showed significantly greater improvements in cardiometabolic markers.

Encouraging weight loss may enhance cardiometabolic health in individuals.

Metabolic syndrome prevalence dropped from 21.6% at baseline to 0% by week 52.

Achieving a normal BMI may eliminate metabolic syndrome risk in individuals.

Tirzepatide reduces appetite and aids in weight reduction management.

Tirzepatide may be effective for patients seeking weight loss.

Ecnoglutide produced mean weight loss of –9.9% (1.2 mg), –13.3% (1.8 mg), and –15.4% (2.4 mg) from baseline at 48 weeks, compared with –0.3% with placebo.

Ecnoglutide is effective for weight loss in Asian populations.

78%–93% of participants achieved ≥5% weight reduction with ecnoglutide.

A significant proportion of users can expect meaningful weight loss.

Weight-reduced patients lost 7.2% total body weight (TBW) versus 10.3% in non-weight-reduced patients (p < 0.001).

Practitioners should consider weight-reduction status when evaluating weight loss outcomes with tirzepatide.

Patients switching from semaglutide due to plateau lost 8.1% TBW versus 2.9% for non-responders (p < 0.001).

Switching from semaglutide may yield different weight loss results based on prior response.

There is a greater emphasis on adjunct pharmacotherapy in the updated guideline, particularly with GLP-1-based agents for weight reduction and improvement of comorbidities.

Healthcare providers should integrate GLP-1-based pharmacotherapy into obesity management strategies.

Insects can support skeletal muscle anabolism to the same extent as conventional animal protein.

Practitioners can consider insect protein as a sustainable alternative for muscle support.

Consuming protein three times a day results in an increase in lean mass of 1.15 kg after 8 weeks of resistance training.

Practitioners can recommend three protein meals per day to support muscle gain.

Consuming protein five times a day results in an increase in lean mass of 0.63 kg after 8 weeks of resistance training.

Practitioners can recommend five protein meals per day to support muscle gain.

Dietary supplementation may help optimise muscle health, particularly when combined with exercise or where a deficit may exist.

Practitioners may consider recommending specific dietary supplements to enhance muscle health in non-athlete adults.

Binge eating episodes and prevalence reduced following liraglutide and semaglutide.

Practitioners may find liraglutide and semaglutide effective in reducing binge eating behaviors in patients.

PAP+tirzepatide was associated with lower incident PH at 1 year (RR:0.27) and 3 years (RR:0.22), and lower mortality at 1 year (RR:0.14) and 3 years (RR:0.12).

Using tirzepatide in conjunction with PAP may provide superior benefits in reducing PH and mortality for obese patients with OSA.

Compared to PAP+semaglutide, PAP+tirzepatide showed lower incident PH at 1 year (RR:0.51) and 3 years (RR:0.42) and lower all-cause mortality at 1 year (RR:0.41) and 3 years (RR:0.33).

Tirzepatide may offer enhanced benefits over semaglutide for reducing PH and mortality in obese patients with OSA on PAP.

Targeted resistance training combined with increased protein intake led to measurable improvements in strength and body composition.

Practitioners can implement low-effort resistance training and protein intake strategies to improve strength in patients with chronic lung disease.

Daily protein intake in patients' usual diets was below the recommended levels.

It is important to assess and address protein intake in patients with chronic lung disease.

Protein supplementation combined with resistance training significantly enhanced muscle strength (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.69) and muscle mass (MD = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.70).

Practitioners should consider recommending protein supplementation alongside resistance training for older adults to enhance muscle strength and mass.

The weekend warrior (WW) physical activity pattern is associated with significantly lower odds of sarcopenia compared to inactive individuals (OR 0.16; 95% CI, 0.07-0.35).

Encouraging high-intensity activity on weekends may help reduce sarcopenia risk in older adults.

Regularly active (RA) individuals also show reduced odds of sarcopenia compared to inactive individuals (OR 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52-0.79).

Encouraging regular physical activity can help reduce sarcopenia risk in older adults.

A plant-based eating pattern is non-inferior to an omnivore diet for athletic performance and muscle protein synthesis when macronutrient content is similar.

Athletes can achieve similar performance and muscle synthesis on a plant-based diet as on an omnivore diet if protein intake is adequate.

When sufficient total protein is consumed, plant-based sources are non-inferior to animal-based sources.

Athletes can rely on plant-based protein sources without compromising performance if protein intake is adequate.