Browse the evidence

The obesity epidemic is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, many forms of cancer, gallbladder disease, and osteoarthritis.

Healthcare providers should consider these risks when addressing obesity in patients.

The deuterated water method allows for the assessment of muscle tissue protein synthesis rates under free-living conditions.

This method can be used to measure protein synthesis in everyday life, enhancing research relevance.

Testosterone replacement therapy significantly decreased waist circumference from 88.6 ± 13.1 cm to 83.9 ± 12.9 cm (P < 0.01).

Practitioners can consider testosterone replacement therapy for reducing waist circumference in hypogonadal patients.

Testosterone replacement therapy resulted in a significant increase in lean body mass from 46,906 ± 8,876 gm to 50,083 ± 7,590 gm (P < 0.001).

Practitioners may use testosterone replacement therapy to enhance lean body mass in hypogonadal patients.

Participation in exercise may lead to a spontaneous reduction in hunger.

Exercise may help manage hunger, potentially aiding in weight management.

The use of anti-obesity medications in patients with heart failure may improve functional status, biomarkers of inflammation, and heart failure stability.

Anti-obesity medications may not only aid in weight loss but also enhance overall heart failure management.

Total load lifted was significantly lower for the 30 seconds rest interval compared with 60 seconds and 120 seconds.

Shorter rest intervals (30 seconds) may hinder total load lifted during resistance training.

Lifestyle modification alone is often insufficient to achieve clinically meaningful weight loss.

Clinicians should consider pharmacotherapy in conjunction with lifestyle changes for effective weight management.

Tirzepatide was recently approved by the FDA for the management of type 2 diabetes.

Tirzepatide can be utilized in clinical settings for managing type 2 diabetes, with potential implications for weight loss.

Recovery of isokinetic maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) at 90°·s−1 was faster in the carbohydrate group compared to the whey protein group.

Carbohydrate supplementation may be more effective than whey protein for recovery of isokinetic strength.

Metabolic and bariatric surgery is independently associated with a lower risk of incident cancer than nonsurgical obesity care.

Practitioners should consider metabolic and bariatric surgery as a viable option for reducing cancer risk in obese patients.

Among patients with monthly counseling or more, the 10-year cumulative incidence of death and cardiovascular events was 33.0% compared with 38.1% for less than monthly counseling.

Practitioners should consider increasing the frequency of lifestyle counseling for diabetic patients to improve long-term outcomes.

Higher frequency of lifestyle counseling was associated with lower incidence of death and cardiovascular events.

Increasing lifestyle counseling frequency may lead to better health outcomes for diabetic patients.

Semaglutide has a favorable safety profile across diverse patient populations and treatment durations.

Clinicians can consider semaglutide as a safe option for managing type 2 diabetes and obesity.

No significant differences in adverse events were observed between semaglutide and comparator groups.

This suggests that semaglutide is as safe as other treatments in terms of adverse events.

Bariatric surgery offers glycemic improvements and potential remission of early onset diabetes, but weight loss results are lower in patients with diabetes compared to those without.

Practitioners should be aware that while bariatric surgery can improve glycemic control, the weight loss outcomes may not be as significant for patients with diabetes.

Remission rates for diabetes after bariatric surgery range between 40 and 80%.

Practitioners can expect a significant proportion of patients to achieve diabetes remission post-surgery.

Preservation of pancreatic β cell function is crucial for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.

Focus on interventions that support β cell health in at-risk populations.

Fifty-six studies reported statistically significant findings in outcome measures.

Interventions can lead to measurable improvements in health outcomes.

Higher weight regain was noted in males compared to females.

Weight maintenance strategies may need to be tailored differently for men and women due to differences in weight regain.

25% of respondents reported medication cost savings averaging $288 per month due to reduced medication usage.

Practitioners may inform patients about potential cost savings from reduced medication needs.

Cardiac rehabilitation via traditional moderate-intensity continuous exercise (TRAD) or stair climbing-based high-intensity interval training (STAIR) improved the capillary-to-fiber ratio (C/Fi) in Type II fibers by 23% after 12 weeks.

Both TRAD and STAIR can be effective exercise modalities for improving muscle microvascular health in CAD patients.

Cardiac rehabilitation increased the capillary-to-fiber perimeter exchange (CFPE) index in Type I fibers by 10% and in Type II fibers by 18% after 12 weeks.

Incorporating TRAD or STAIR in rehabilitation can enhance muscle microvascular function in CAD patients.

The large reported diet effects on energy expenditure were influenced by excessive amounts of unaccounted energy.

Accurate energy accounting is crucial for understanding diet effects on energy expenditure.