Browse the evidence

The Low-Fat Plus diet led to a greater reduction in LDL cholesterol compared to the Low-Fat diet, with changes of -0.36 mmol/L (-13.8 mg/dL) versus -0.18 mmol/L (-7.0 mg/dL) respectively (P = 0.02).

Practitioners should consider recommending a plant-based diet to enhance LDL cholesterol-lowering effects in hypercholesterolemic patients.

Coingestion of caffeine (8 mg/kg body mass) with carbohydrate (4 g/kg body mass) results in a 66% higher rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis during a 4-hour recovery period compared to carbohydrate alone.

Trainers and athletes may enhance glycogen recovery by combining caffeine with carbohydrate intake post-exercise.

Caffeine coingestion leads to higher muscle glycogen accumulation after 4 hours of recovery compared to carbohydrate alone.

Incorporating caffeine with carbohydrate post-exercise can significantly enhance glycogen replenishment.

Higher meal frequency and regular eating patterns are more advantageous for energy balance than irregular and infrequent meals.

Encouraging regular meal patterns may aid in weight management strategies.

Daily habitual physical activity is a primary determinant of anabolic resistance in the elderly.

Encouraging regular physical activity in elderly patients can help maintain muscle health.

Anabolic resistance may be overcome by providing greater quantities of nutrition and/or exercise stimulus.

Increasing protein intake and exercise intensity may help elderly patients combat muscle loss.

Multimodal prehabilitation including high-intensity training for colorectal cancer patients is feasible, safe, and effective.

Practitioners can implement a multimodal prehabilitation program to enhance recovery in colorectal cancer patients.

Eighty-six percent of patients with prehabilitation recovered to their baseline functional capacity 4 weeks postoperatively, compared to 40% in the control group.

Prehabilitation significantly improves recovery rates in colorectal cancer patients post-surgery.

The adequate dietary protein intake for individuals over the age of 19 is approximately 0.8-0.9 g protein per kg of body weight per day.

Practitioners should recommend a protein intake of 0.8-0.9 g/kg for healthy adults.

Lifestyle intervention reduced visceral fat at L2-L3 by 24.3% in men and 18.2% in women.

Implementing lifestyle changes can significantly reduce visceral fat, which may lower diabetes risk.

Reduced diabetes risk with lifestyle intervention was associated with reductions in body weight, BMI, and central body fat distribution.

Encouraging lifestyle changes can significantly lower the risk of developing diabetes.

Fat adaptation increases the rate of whole-body and muscle fat oxidation during submaximal exercise compared to an isoenergetic carbohydrate diet.

Practitioners may consider implementing fat adaptation strategies to enhance fat oxidation in endurance athletes.

In adults with obesity, GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrate 15% to 20% weight loss.

GLP-1 receptor agonists can be considered effective for weight management in obese adults.

Bariatric surgery results in a mean weight loss of −22.68 kg compared to GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Bariatric surgery may be more effective than GLP-1 receptor agonists for significant weight loss.

Among meta-analyses, 4/5 with critically low quality showed low-carbohydrate diet superiority for weight loss (0.7-4.0 kg).

Low-carbohydrate diets may lead to significant weight loss, but caution is needed due to the quality of the evidence.

Chronic resistance training induces increases in muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA), otherwise known as hypertrophy.

Resistance training is effective for increasing muscle size.

Increases in muscle protein synthesis were observed following an isolated bout of resistance exercise.

Resistance exercise can lead to immediate increases in muscle protein synthesis.

Participants experienced significant increases in whole-body lean mass, from 45.9 kg to 47.8 kg (p < 0.003).

BWSTT can effectively increase muscle mass in individuals with chronic incomplete SCI.

Markers of endurance training adaptation are enhanced to a greater extent when individuals undertake training sessions with low muscle glycogen content.

Training with low glycogen may enhance endurance adaptations.

Endurance training adaptations are also enhanced with low exogenous carbohydrate availability.

Limiting carbohydrate intake during training may boost endurance adaptations.

Resistance training increased mean muscle fibre cross-sectional area in untrained men after 12 weeks.

Resistance training can effectively increase muscle size in untrained individuals.

Individualized lifestyle interventions reduced the mean difference in BMI by -0.63 kg/m2 compared to control groups.

Practitioners can consider individualized lifestyle interventions as a method for weight management in SMI patients.

The risk ratio for losing ≥5% of baseline weight was 1.51 compared to control groups.

Practitioners can expect a significant proportion of SMI patients to achieve clinically relevant weight loss with these interventions.

Testosterone supplementation acts as a highly potent anabolic agent to skeletal muscle.

Practitioners should consider testosterone's role in muscle anabolism when advising on supplementation.