Browse the evidence

Bariatric surgery is associated with a relatively low number of complications and a reduction in mortality risk.

Bariatric surgery can be considered a safe option with potential mortality benefits.

Gastric bypass patients had an 85% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to non-operated patients with obesity during the first six years of follow-up.

Gastric bypass surgery significantly reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes in obese patients, especially in the first six years post-surgery.

The incidence of type 2 diabetes among non-operated patients with obesity was 11.7% during the follow-up period.

Non-operated obese patients have a high incidence of type 2 diabetes, highlighting the need for effective interventions.

The incidence of type 2 diabetes among gastric bypass patients was comparable to that of the general population.

Gastric bypass surgery can reduce diabetes risk to levels similar to those in the general population, indicating its effectiveness.

The percentage of total time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) significantly decreased from 3.0% to 2.5% after the intervention.

Practitioners should be aware that dietary improvements may not correlate with increased physical activity among nurses.

The review identified a relative paucity of diet and physical activity interventions for nurses and highlighted a clear need for more and better-designed studies.

There is a need for practitioners to develop and evaluate more targeted interventions for nurses.

A profound and almost immediate reduction in the incidence of diabetes occurred in Cuba following these changes.

Weight management strategies may lead to significant improvements in diabetes incidence.

A striking decline in cardiovascular mortality began in Cuba with a lag of about five years after the changes.

Long-term weight management may contribute to reduced cardiovascular mortality over time.

Chronic alterations in blood pH have a modifiable effect on whole body, muscle, and albumin protein kinetics.

Practitioners should consider the impact of blood pH on protein metabolism in dietary planning.

Leucine oxidation is negatively correlated with blood pH.

Understanding this correlation may help in managing dietary amino acid intake.

The study utilized a 2-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc comparison to evaluate differences between groups.

The statistical methods indicate a rigorous approach to analyzing the data.

DXA-derived lean mass, BIA-derived skeletal muscle mass, and BodPod-derived fat-free mass overestimate D3-Cr-derived skeletal muscle mass.

Practitioners should be cautious of overestimations when using these common body composition assessment methods.

DXA, BIA, and ultrasound-derived appendicular lean mass uniformly underestimate D3-Cr-derived skeletal muscle mass by approximately 2.50 kg.

Practitioners should consider the potential underestimation when using these methods for assessing appendicular lean mass.

Food-related information is distributed across functionally distinct brain networks which act as opponent processes involved in guiding food-related behavior.

Understanding the distinct brain networks involved in food-related behavior can inform strategies for dietary interventions.

The inferred healthfulness or artificiality of foods is the greatest factor underlying similarity judgments, most strongly represented within the Prefrontal network.

Recognizing the impact of perceived healthfulness on food choices can aid in dietary planning.

The response to food images in the Prefrontal network is modulated strongly by judgments of the self-control required to resist eating those foods.

Understanding how self-control influences neural responses can help in developing strategies for better dietary choices.

No significant changes were found in body mass (BM) between linear training (LT) and undulating periodization (UP) groups after 8 weeks.

Both training protocols did not lead to significant changes in body mass for untrained older adults.

No significant changes were found in fat mass (FM) between linear training (LT) and undulating periodization (UP) groups after 8 weeks.

Both training protocols did not lead to significant changes in fat mass for untrained older adults.

No significant changes were found in fat-free mass (FFM) between linear training (LT) and undulating periodization (UP) groups after 8 weeks.

Both training protocols did not lead to significant changes in fat-free mass for untrained older adults.

PA may not be a critical factor influencing weight maintenance in PWD.

Weight maintenance strategies for PWD may need to consider factors beyond just physical activity.

Alabama participants had more favorable scores for hedonic eating at baseline and maintained these scores at week 16 compared to Colorado participants.

Understanding hedonic eating can help tailor interventions to improve weight loss outcomes.

Exercise training did not induce further improvements in lean mass in either the supplement or placebo group.

Exercise alone may not be sufficient to increase lean mass in older adults if they are already using effective nutritional supplements.

There are trivial hypertrophic effects between proximal, mid-belly, and distal muscle sites.

Trivial differences in hypertrophy suggest that exercise selection may not need to prioritize specific muscle lengths.

The 'Competition Model of Metabolism' explains stability of physiological states despite metabolic perturbations.

Recognizing the mechanisms behind stability can inform interventions for weight management.