Research
Energy balance
67.2% of respondents had used ergogenic supplements, primarily whey protein for muscle enhancement.
Fitness professionals should be aware of the high prevalence of supplement use among gym members and the need for guidance.
ModerateSupportsmedium confidence
Results showed that 67.2% of the respondents had used ergogenic supplements, with the majority using whey protein for muscle enhancement reasons.
Why this rating
The study design is cross-sectional.
Source
Relationship Between Muscle Dysmorphia and other Factors with Supplement Consumption Among Selected Gym Members in Jakarta
Mohammad Rafid Billy Ramadhan et al. · Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition · 2023
DOI 10.7454/ijphn.v4i1.7405
cross-sectional · n=116
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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