Research
Energy balance
There is a significant relationship between male gender and supplement consumption (OR = 3.055).
Male gym members may be more likely to consume supplements, highlighting a need for targeted education.
ModerateSupportsmedium confidence
The chi-square test showed a significant relationship between male gender (OR = 3.055; 95%CI: 1.298—7.188) with supplement consumption.
Why this rating
The study design is cross-sectional.
Source
Relationship Between Muscle Dysmorphia and other Factors with Supplement Consumption Among Selected Gym Members in Jakarta
Mohammad Rafid Billy Ramadhan et al. · Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition · 2023
DOI 10.7454/ijphn.v4i1.7405
cross-sectional · n=116
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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