Research
Energy balance
Exercise experience of 7—12 months and >1 year are significantly associated with supplement consumption (OR = 5.4 and OR = 5.091, respectively).
Individuals with more exercise experience may be more inclined to use supplements, suggesting a need for informed guidance.
ModerateSupportsmedium confidence
The chi-square test showed a significant relationship between exercise experience of 7—12 months (OR = 5.4; 95%CI: 1.621—17.991) and >1 year (OR = 5.091; 95%CI: 1.910—13.571) with supplement consumption.
Why this rating
The study design is cross-sectional.
Source
Relationship Between Muscle Dysmorphia and other Factors with Supplement Consumption Among Selected Gym Members in Jakarta
Mohammad Rafid Billy Ramadhan et al. · Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition · 2023
DOI 10.7454/ijphn.v4i1.7405
cross-sectional · n=116
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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