Research
Energy balance
Dark breads such as wheat, rye, or pumpernickel are associated with a lower risk of incident CVD.
Incorporating dark breads into the diet may be beneficial for reducing cardiovascular disease risk in older adults.
GoodSupportsmedium confidence
dark breads such as wheat, rye, or pumpernickel were associated with a lower risk of incident CVD (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64-0.90).
Why this rating
Based on the prospective cohort study design.
Source
Cereal, Fruit, and Vegetable Fiber Intake and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly Individuals
Dariush Mozaffarian et al. · JAMA · 2003
DOI 10.1001/jama.289.13.1659
cohort · n=3588Cited 288×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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