Research
Cellular
Caffeine and coffee are associated with risks of cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, gallstones, cancer, and liver disease.
Health professionals should be aware of the potential risks associated with caffeine and coffee consumption.
StrongSupportsmedium confidence
the risks of cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, gallstones, cancer, and liver disease.
Why this rating
The claim is based on a review of evidence.
Source
Coffee, Caffeine, and Health
Rob M. van Dam et al. · New England Journal of Medicine · 2020
DOI 10.1056/nejmra1816604
reviewCited 490×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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