Research

Mixed

Infant formula milk contains significantly higher levels of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), specifically CML, compared to breast milk, potentially predisposing infants to inflammation and metabolic issues.

If using infant formula, be aware that processing creates AGEs. Follow preparation instructions carefully to avoid excessive heating. If breastfeeding is possible, it provides lower AGE exposure. For formula-fed infants, this is a known physiological factor contributing to early inflammatory load.

ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
Formula milk is a rich source of primary adducts, such as carboxy-methyl lysine, which render an infant prone to inflammation, dementia, food allergies, and other diseases.
Vidhu Gill et al. · Biomolecules · 2019

Why this rating

The paper cites studies showing high CML levels in formula but does not provide long-term human outcome data linking this directly to disease onset in infants, relying on mechanistic and biomarker evidence.

Source

Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) May Be a Striking Link Between Modern Diet and Health

Vidhu Gill et al. · Biomolecules · 2019

DOI 10.3390/biom9120888

narrative_reviewCited 225×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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