Research
Macro partitioning
Female age-group swimmers have significantly lower absolute carbohydrate intake (292g) compared to males (404g) despite identical training loads, resulting in a deficiency relative to recommended endurance guidelines.
Female swimmers training 6000m/day need to increase absolute carbohydrate intake, not just the ratio. Aim for higher total grams (closer to 7g/kg if possible) to support glycogen resynthesis, as current intakes are significantly lower than male counterparts with the same training load.
ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
the females ingested significantly less (P = 0.011) carbohydrate (292(87) g) than the males (404(88) g) and could be considered deficient in dietary carbohydrate with respect to their daily training demands.
Why this rating
Statistically significant difference (P=0.011) but based on self-reported data.
Source
Dietary intakes of age-group swimmers.
John A. Hawley et al. · British Journal of Sports Medicine · 1991
DOI 10.1136/bjsm.25.3.154
cross_sectional · n=20Cited 28×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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