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Autoregulated-based training (ABT) did not show a significant increase in muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis at 50% femur length (VL50) from 26.72±3.75 mm to 28.45±3.42 mm (+6.47%; p=0.16).

ABT may not be as effective as PBT for increasing VL50 muscle thickness.

The between-group effect sizes for changes in MT were trivial to small.

The differences in muscle hypertrophy between training intensities may not be clinically significant.

The findings regarding PM muscle hypertrophy between the different RPE groups are statistically inconclusive.

Further research is needed to clarify the effects of training intensity on muscle hypertrophy.

Protein intake at 2.9g.kg-1.d-1 did not enhance indices of recovery following resistance exercise when peri-exercise protein consumption was controlled for.

Practitioners may consider that 1.8g.kg-1.d-1 protein intake is sufficient for recovery in trained individuals.

No differences for TNF-α or muscle soreness were reported between groups.

Practitioners may not need to focus on TNF-α or muscle soreness as differentiators in protein intake strategies.

Grip strength declined by 38% following semaglutide treatment.

Monitoring grip strength may be important in patients receiving GLP-1RA therapy to assess muscle function.

Key therapeutic areas include innovative approaches for monogenic disorders, incretin mimetics, dual receptor agonists, microbiome analysis, and improved behavioural interventions.

Practitioners should consider these therapeutic areas for advancing treatment options.

The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, and long-term weight maintenance remains challenging.

Interventions for obesity must consider the multifactorial nature of the condition.

Adverse effects of dual agonists are largely gastrointestinal and manageable.

Healthcare providers should inform patients about the manageable gastrointestinal side effects of dual agonists.

All exercise groups (WB-EMS, Pilates, Yoga) significantly reduced muscle mass during diet-induced weight loss compared to the control group.

Incorporating exercise like WB-EMS, Pilates, or Yoga can help mitigate muscle loss during weight loss diets.

The activation of GLP-1R by semaglutide or THDBH120 improved lipid metabolism.

GLP-1R activation could be targeted for improving lipid metabolism in obese patients.

The activation of GIPR by LAGIPRA or THDBH120 alleviated inflammation.

GIPR activation may be beneficial for reducing inflammation in obesity-related conditions.

Tirzepatide is associated with lower mortality compared to both semaglutide and SGLT2 inhibitors.

Tirzepatide may offer a survival advantage for patients with type 2 diabetes.

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory properties.

GLP-1 RAs may be beneficial in managing inflammation and immune responses.

The use of dual and triple agonists was associated with a higher risk of any adverse events (RR 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08-1.19).

Clinicians should be aware of the potential for increased adverse events when prescribing incretin polyagonists.

KN069 was well tolerated, with predominantly mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal adverse events.

KN069 may be a safe option for weight management in this population.

Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) contribute to cardiovascular disease through interconnected mechanisms.

Practitioners should consider the combined effects of obesity and OSA when addressing cardiovascular health.

GLP-1 RA use was associated with significantly lower occupational therapy utilization (RR = 0.686, p < 0.011).

GLP-1 RAs may reduce the need for occupational therapy in rotator cuff repair patients.

Muscle volume decreased in the injured muscle compared to the contralateral healthy muscle during the intervention by −9.4% (−13.5% to −5.3%), p < 0.0001, and this decrease persisted at 12 months.

Rehabilitation programs should consider the persistent loss of muscle volume after strain injuries.

There was a persistent increase in aponeurosis volume associated with the injured muscle at 3 months and 12 months, but it was unaffected by protein supplementation.

Increased aponeurosis volume may indicate structural changes in muscle healing, regardless of protein intake.

Neither collagen nor whey protein ingestion further increased muscle connective protein synthesis rates during the early stages of post-exercise recovery.

Collagen protein may not be effective for enhancing muscle connective tissue recovery post-exercise.

The low-intensity resistance training program may be insufficient for increasing muscle strength and mass among both young and older adults.

Low-intensity resistance training may not be adequate for rehabilitation goals related to muscle strength.

The concept of diabesity is based on the twin epidemics of obesity and diabetes.

Healthcare providers should understand the link between obesity and diabetes in managing diabesity.

Lipotoxicity and inflammation cause insulin resistance in the liver and muscle.

Understanding these mechanisms can aid in developing treatment strategies for insulin resistance.