Browse the evidence

Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) is more cost-effective than continuous GLP-1 pharmacotherapy, saving an average of $11,689 per patient over 2 years, while providing a definitive metabolic reset.

Bariatric surgery (like sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass) is not just a weight loss tool but a metabolic reset. While it has higher upfront costs, long-term data suggests it saves money compared to staying on GLP-1 medications indefinitely, as drug costs remain high while surgical maintenance costs drop. It works by altering your gut hormones to reduce hunger and improve insulin sensitivity.

Total, unprocessed, and processed red meat intake are each associated with a modestly higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) with hazard ratios of 1.12, 1.11, and 1.15 respectively for one serving per day increment.

Reducing red meat intake may lower the risk of coronary heart disease.

Substituting whole grains and dairy products for total red meat, and eggs for processed red meat, might reduce the risk of CHD.

Encouraging substitutions with whole grains, dairy, and eggs may support heart health.

Greater adherence to the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) is associated with a 19% lower risk of total mortality (HR 0.81).

Encouraging adherence to the HEI-2015 may help reduce mortality risk in the population studied.

Adherence to the Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED) score is associated with a 18% lower risk of total mortality (HR 0.82).

Promoting adherence to the AMED may contribute to lower mortality risk.

All dietary scores examined were significantly inversely associated with death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease.

Encouraging healthy eating patterns may reduce the risk of major diseases.

Modifiable risk factors collectively contribute to 59% of the population-attributable fraction (PAF) for CVD and 56% for death in China.

Addressing modifiable risk factors could significantly reduce CVD and mortality rates.

The risk of CVD mortality was higher in participants with diabetes with low grip strength compared to those with high grip strength.

Improving grip strength may reduce CVD mortality risk in diabetic patients.

The modifiable risk factors studied contributed to approximately 64% of the population attributable fraction (PAF) for CVD and 69% of the PAF for death.

Addressing these modifiable risk factors could significantly reduce CVD and mortality rates.

Men have a higher incidence of CVD and mortality rates compared to women.

Gender-specific strategies may be needed to address higher CVD risk in men.

Approximately 72% of the population attributable fraction (PAF) for CVD and 69% of the PAF for deaths are attributable to 12 modifiable risk factors.

Addressing modifiable risk factors could significantly reduce CVD and mortality rates.

Increases in glycemic index and glycemic load were positively associated with weight gain.

Consider the glycemic index/load of carbohydrates when managing weight.

A 100 g/day increase in starch or added sugar was associated with 1.5 kg and 0.9 kg greater weight gain over four years, respectively.

Reducing starch and added sugar intake may help mitigate weight gain.

Increased carbohydrate intake from whole grains, fruit, and non-starchy vegetables was inversely associated with weight gain.

Encouraging whole grains, fruits, and non-starchy vegetables may aid in weight control.

Low-income Americans require greater efforts to improve their health than they currently receive.

Policymakers should prioritize health improvement initiatives for low-income populations.

Each 1-SD increase in TLCD score was associated with 0.06 kg more weight gain over 4 years.

Practitioners should consider the impact of total carbohydrate intake on weight management.

Each 1-SD increase in ALCD score was associated with 0.13 kg more weight gain over 4 years.

Practitioners should be aware of the potential weight gain associated with animal-based low-carbohydrate diets.

Each 1-SD increase in HLCD score was associated with 0.36 kg less weight gain over 4 years.

Practitioners should promote healthy low-carbohydrate diets to mitigate weight gain.

The carbohydrate quality index (CQI) was associated with mortality, showing a significant inverse relationship.

Practitioners may consider focusing on carbohydrate quality as it appears to influence mortality risk.

Improvements in soda consumption and BMI are concentrated among female and non-white respondents.

Targeted interventions may be necessary to address disparities in health outcomes.

Some smaller studies show a promising positive effect of nutritional interventions on muscle thickness and function.

There may be potential benefits of nutritional interventions for muscle thickness and function, but more research is needed.

Moderate carbohydrate intake was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and non-CV mortality among Hispanic participants.

Practitioners may consider moderate carbohydrate intake beneficial for Hispanic individuals regarding mortality risk.

Patients in the third quartile of overall lower-carbohydrate diet score had a 35% lower risk of mortality (HR: 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.85) compared to the first quartile.

Encouraging adherence to a moderate lower-carbohydrate diet may reduce mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Adherence to a healthy lower-carbohydrate diet score is associated with lower mortality risk, with HRs of 0.78, 0.73, and 0.74 across quartiles compared to the reference.

Promoting healthy lower-carbohydrate dietary patterns may enhance longevity in patients with type 2 diabetes.