Browse the evidence

100 g/hr of carbohydrate may be advisable for the Olympic Cycling Road race.

Consider recommending carbohydrate intake strategies for endurance athletes.

The Expert Group Statement advocates for an evidence-based approach to nutrition in high-performance tennis.

Practitioners should implement evidence-based nutritional strategies for tennis players.

The statement emphasizes a 'food first' philosophy, prioritizing food over supplements.

Nutritionists should focus on whole foods to meet players' nutrient needs.

A guideline-based approach to weight management counseling in primary care is proposed.

Practitioners should adopt a guideline-based approach in counseling patients about weight management.

Short-term adoption of a vegan diet (e.g., 3 weeks) leads to significant weight loss and reduced caloric intake without negatively impacting fitness scores or sports performance.

If you switch to a vegan diet, expect to lose weight, likely fat, due to lower calorie density. Your strength and fitness scores should remain stable in the short term (3 weeks) if you keep training. Monitor your energy levels and adjust portions if you feel fatigued.

Time-restricted eating (TRE), lower meal frequency, and earlier caloric distribution result in statistically significant but small weight loss compared to control groups when implemented for 12 weeks or longer.

If you want to try meal timing for weight loss, expect a modest result (around 1-2 kg loss over 12+ weeks) rather than a dramatic transformation. The key is likely that restricting your eating window naturally reduces the amount of food you consume, not a magical metabolic shift. Focus on consistency for at least 12 weeks, and do not expect it to replace the fundamental need for a caloric deficit.

Lifestyle interventions (diet, exercise, or behavioral) reduce body weight and BMI in women with PCOS, but evidence for improving glucose tolerance is uncertain.

For women with PCOS, adopting a structured lifestyle program involving diet, exercise, or behavioral strategies is likely to help reduce weight and BMI. While the effect on blood glucose control is not clearly proven, the reduction in body weight itself is a key therapeutic goal. These interventions are recommended as the first step in management.

In overweight or obese adults, consuming non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) leads to a small but statistically significant reduction in body weight compared to consuming sugar or placebo, whereas no significant weight change occurs in normal-weight adults.

If you are overweight or obese, switching from sugar-sweetened beverages to those with non-sugar sweeteners can help you lose a small amount of weight (approx. 2 kg) over several months compared to drinking sugary versions. This benefit is not seen in people who are already normal weight. The key is consistency and staying within safe daily intake limits.

Resistance exercise training significantly improves aerobic capacity (VO2max) across short, medium, and long-term durations, with the largest absolute improvement seen in short-term interventions.

Incorporate resistance training into your routine to boost your aerobic capacity (VO2max). You will see improvements regardless of whether you train for 6 weeks or 6 months, with the biggest initial gains in the first 6 weeks.

Time-restricted feeding (16-hour daily fasting window) produces significant short-term weight loss and improves walking speed in overweight, sedentary older adults (≥65 years).

Try eating all your meals within an 8-hour window each day, leaving 16 hours for fasting. Start by gradually extending your fasting time over the first week. Focus on consuming enough protein and nutrients during your eating window. This approach may help with weight loss and mobility in older adults, but consult your doctor first, especially if you have diabetes or other health conditions.

Low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) do not provide superior weight loss or glycemic control compared to low-fat diets (LFD) in the medium-to-long term; observed benefits are primarily driven by weight loss rather than carbohydrate restriction itself.

If your goal is weight loss or better blood sugar control, you do not need to restrict carbohydrates specifically. Focus on creating a caloric deficit and choosing nutrient-dense foods. Long-term success depends on adherence and weight loss, not on avoiding carbs.

Obesity and metabolic disease are driven by cell-specific competition for calories where fat cells (adipocytes) and skeletal muscle cells outcompete energy-sensing cells in the brain and liver, creating 'false signals' of energy deficit that trigger increased food intake.

Focus on improving the 'competitiveness' of your skeletal muscle and liver cells against fat cells. This is primarily achieved through physical activity, which depletes stored energy in muscles and liver, forcing them to compete more effectively for blood glucose and lipids. This reduces 'false signals' of hunger caused by fat cells hoarding energy. Exercise is not just for burning calories; it is a tool to reset cellular nutrient partitioning.

HIIT does not significantly improve body mass or BMI in patients with diabesity compared to standard treatment.

Do not expect HIIT to drastically change your weight or BMI if you have diabesity. The primary benefit of this training style for your condition is metabolic (blood sugar and lipids), not weight loss. Manage your expectations regarding the scale.

The holiday season does not cause significant weight gain in children or college students, though it may increase body fat in college students.

For children and college students, holiday weight gain is not a significant concern based on current data, though college students may see an increase in body fat.

Diabetes, obesity and cardiorenal/metabolic disease often occur in the same patient.

Healthcare providers should be aware of the interconnectedness of these conditions in patients.

Early intensive combination intervention can prevent disease progression and events.

Implementing early and intensive interventions may improve patient outcomes.

Suboptimal metabolic control has not improved in past 20 years despite new medications.

There is a need for improved strategies to manage metabolic control in patients.

GLP-1 agonists have drawbacks in treating obesity.

Practitioners should be aware of the limitations of GLP-1 agonists in obesity treatment.

An alternative approach to GLP-1 agonist treatment includes long-term lifestyle programming.

Incorporating lifestyle changes alongside GLP-1 treatment may enhance effectiveness.

The approach of 'Food Is Medicine' is suggested to address obesity burdens.

Utilizing appropriate food choices can be a key strategy in obesity management.

There is increased recognition that AAS are commonly used illicitly to enhance performance and appearance in several segments of the population.

Awareness of AAS misuse is crucial for health professionals and athletes alike.

Ultrasonography is recommended as the initial screening tool for hepatic steatosis in Latin America.

Practitioners should use ultrasonography for initial screening of MASLD patients.

Complete alcohol abstinence is recommended for patients with significant fibrosis.

Practitioners should advise patients with significant fibrosis to abstain from alcohol.

The relationship between saturated and unsaturated fat consumption and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk is controversial and confusing.

Practitioners should be aware of the ongoing debate regarding dietary fat recommendations.