Browse the evidence

The prevalence of diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among US adults (≥20 years) is 9.9%, with an average Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020) score of 53.9.

Healthcare providers should be aware of the prevalence of T2DM and average diet quality in this population.

Males with diagnosed T2DM have a significantly higher HEI score than those without (53.3 vs. 51.8).

Nutrition interventions may need to consider gender differences in dietary quality among those with T2DM.

39.2% of participants screened positive for eating disorder signs and symptoms using the SCOFF questionnaire.

Practitioners should be aware that a significant portion of Brazilian adults may exhibit symptoms of eating disorders.

UPF consumption was higher in participants with binge eating and other eating disorders compared to those without ED symptoms.

Higher UPF consumption may be linked to specific eating disorder symptoms, indicating a need for dietary assessments in clinical settings.

The overall prevalence of sarcopenia in the studied population is 6.42%.

Practitioners should be aware of the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults in urban-rural transition zones.

A long-term farming history is a strong, independent protective factor against sarcopenia.

Encouraging a farming lifestyle may help reduce sarcopenia risk in older adults.

The association between diabetes and sarcopenia was not statistically significant after adjusting for confounders.

Diabetes may not be a significant risk factor for sarcopenia when considering other factors.

Epigenetic priming via nutrient deprivation (caloric restriction) in the F0 generation increases the epigenetic plasticity of subsequent generations, allowing them to better adapt to varying diets and metabolic challenges.

Moderate caloric restriction (e.g., 50-70% of normal intake) during early development or pregnancy may 'prime' the epigenome, making offspring more metabolically resilient to future dietary challenges. However, extreme restriction should be avoided as it can lead to growth issues.

Ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs) may improve cerebrovascular health and neuroprotection by shifting brain energy metabolism from glucose to ketone bodies (specifically β-hydroxybutyrate), reducing oxidative stress, and modulating inflammatory signaling, though current human evidence is limited and heterogeneous.

If you have cognitive concerns or are aging, a ketogenic diet might offer neuroprotective benefits by shifting your brain's fuel source to ketones, which may reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. However, current human evidence is not strong enough to recommend it broadly. If you try it, consider less restrictive versions like the Modified Atkins Diet for better long-term adherence, and be aware that benefits may take weeks to manifest as your body adapts (keto-adaptation).

Oriental Melon Stem Ethanol Extract (CMSE) reduces body weight and fat mass in high-fat diet-induced obese mice by increasing energy expenditure and enhancing brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, independent of calorie intake.

If you are looking for a supplement to support weight management, Oriental Melon Stem Extract (CMSE) shows promise in animal studies for boosting metabolism and burning fat without needing to eat less. The effective dose in mice translates to a high daily intake for humans (~2.3g), which falls within the range of dietary supplements. While not a magic bullet, it may support metabolic health and liver function when combined with a balanced diet.

1.2% of boys and men aged 15 to 35 reported use of prescription weight loss medication in the past 12 months.

Practitioners should be aware of the low prevalence of prescription weight loss medication use in this demographic.

HIIT and MICT produce comparable changes in body composition, lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and blood pressure in patients with diabesity.

For weight loss, blood sugar control (HbA1c), and blood pressure, both HIIT and moderate steady-state exercise appear to work equally well for people with diabesity. You do not need to do HIIT to see improvements in these specific areas; moderate exercise is sufficient.

The Expert Group Statement advocates for an evidence-based approach to nutrition in high-performance tennis.

Practitioners should implement evidence-based nutritional strategies for tennis players.

The statement emphasizes a 'food first' philosophy, prioritizing food over supplements.

Nutritionists should focus on whole foods to meet players' nutrient needs.

HIIT does not significantly improve body mass or BMI in patients with diabesity compared to standard treatment.

Do not expect HIIT to drastically change your weight or BMI if you have diabesity. The primary benefit of this training style for your condition is metabolic (blood sugar and lipids), not weight loss. Manage your expectations regarding the scale.

Ultrasonography is recommended as the initial screening tool for hepatic steatosis in Latin America.

Practitioners should use ultrasonography for initial screening of MASLD patients.

Complete alcohol abstinence is recommended for patients with significant fibrosis.

Practitioners should advise patients with significant fibrosis to abstain from alcohol.

Further interventional studies involving humans are needed to better understand the role of soy isoflavones in PCOS.

More research is necessary to fully understand how soy isoflavones can be effectively used in treating PCOS.

Strategies in supporting health and performance over a player's career are encouraged.

Organizations should hire qualified nutrition professionals to support players' long-term health.

Semaglutide's success in India will depend on affordability, rational prescribing, and integration into preventive care frameworks.

Efforts should focus on making semaglutide accessible and integrating it into broader health strategies.

Further investigations are warranted regarding the effects of GLP-1-based therapies on skeletal muscle.

Practitioners should advocate for more research to better understand the implications of GLP-1 therapies on muscle health.

The high pricing of semaglutide (₹17,000–26,000/month) threatens equitable access.

Practitioners should be aware of the cost barriers that may limit patient access to semaglutide.

Consuming protein immediately before resistance training may increase lower body (leg press) strength gains more than consuming it immediately after.

If you are focusing on leg strength, try eating your protein 15 minutes before your workout. This might give you a slight edge in strength gains compared to drinking it after, possibly because it provides fuel for your legs. However, this finding is based on very limited data, so don't stress if you can't make it work.

Intensive lifestyle interventions, specifically achieving significant weight loss (≥10-15 kg or ≥10% body weight), can induce Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) remission in overweight or obese patients by correcting insulin resistance and restoring beta-cell function.

If you have Type 2 Diabetes and are overweight, losing a significant amount of weight (at least 10-15 kg) through a structured diet and exercise program can potentially put your diabetes into remission. This means your blood sugar levels may return to normal without medication. However, this requires a strong commitment to maintaining that weight loss, as the condition can return if weight is regained. Consult a doctor to see if you are a candidate, especially if your diabetes was recently diagnosed.