Browse the evidence

Obesity has increased from 30.5% during 1999–2000 to 41.9% during 2017–2020.

Health practitioners should be aware of the rising obesity rates when designing interventions.

There is significant societal attention on the issues of overweight and obesity.

Practitioners should be aware of the societal context when addressing obesity in patients.

There was no significant difference in the cost of diabetes therapy between the two groups (p = 0.12).

Practitioners can consider that an open formulary may improve glycemic control without increasing costs.

Few diabetes prevention program (DPP) studies investigate why these interventions work.

Practitioners should be aware that the mechanisms behind DPP effectiveness are not well understood.

There is no compelling evidence to support any specific mechanism, mediator, or moderator (MMM) in DPPs.

Practitioners should consider that current evidence does not support specific mechanisms in DPPs.

About 14.9% of tweets contained untrue information, particularly in the nutrigenomics concepts category.

Practitioners should be aware of the prevalence of misinformation in social media discussions about precision nutrition.

26.2% of tweet authors presented themselves as science or medicine experts.

Practitioners should consider the credibility of sources when evaluating precision nutrition information on social media.

Nutrigenetics concepts were most frequently discussed by authors with science and medicine expertise.

Practitioners can identify credible discussions on nutrigenetics by focusing on expert authors.

Weekly telemonitoring for counseling and weigh-in does not lead to a statistically significant improvement in BMI over an 8-week period.

Practitioners may need to consider alternative interventions or longer durations for weight management programs.

Patients had lower energy and protein intake from oral food intake following the implementation of the tailored nutrition protocol.

Practitioners should be aware that increased enteral feeding may lead to reduced oral intake.

The EQUAL trial yielded null results in addressing weight management issues among acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors.

Practitioners should be cautious in applying the EQUAL intervention for weight management in ALL survivors.

Hart- en vaatziekten zijn wereldwijd verantwoordelijk voor één op de drie overlijdens.

Dit benadrukt de noodzaak voor preventieve maatregelen tegen hart- en vaatziekten.

Concerns over ultra-processed foods were part of the holistic and environmental health movements of the 1970-80s.

Understanding the historical advocacy can inform current discussions on nutrition and health.

The discussion of ultra-processed foods in lay media and academic articles often overlooks historical advocacy and clinical work.

Practitioners should be aware of the historical context to better address misconceptions in current discussions.

No significant associations with cognitive function were found for physical activity or adiposity.

Physical activity and adiposity may not be effective targets for improving cognitive function in this population.

Short-Term Fasting (STF) is defined as fasting regimens with a duration of 2–3 days, while Prolonged Fasting (PF) refers to regimens lasting 4 or more consecutive days.

If you fast for 2-3 days, it is Short-Term Fasting (STF). If you fast for 4 or more consecutive days, it is Prolonged Fasting (PF). Choose based on your experience and goals.

Bariatric surgery is the most effective long-term treatment for severe obesity, significantly reducing risks of CVD, type 2 diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, yet access is inequitable due to socioeconomic and structural barriers.

If you have severe obesity and comorbidities, bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for long-term health. Seek out high-volume centers and ensure your insurance covers the procedure and follow-up care.

Global obesity prevalence has increased significantly and now exceeds underweight prevalence in the vast majority of countries, creating a 'double burden' of malnutrition driven by rising obesity rather than persistent undernutrition.

Focus on healthy nutrition transitions that enhance access to nutritious foods. Address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity.

Calorie restriction (energy deficit) is the primary driver of weight loss, with macronutrient composition having a secondary or negligible impact on long-term outcomes.

To lose weight, you must consume fewer calories than you burn. The specific type of diet (low-carb, low-fat, etc.) matters less for long-term success than maintaining that calorie deficit. Choose a dietary pattern you can sustain that creates this deficit.

Reducing dietary energy density (consuming larger portions of lower-calorie foods) improves satiety and aids weight loss maintenance, regardless of total caloric intake in the short term.

To make your diet easier to stick to, choose foods that are less energy-dense. This means eating more vegetables, fruits, and lean proteins relative to fats and sugars. You can eat larger portions of these foods, which helps you feel fuller for longer, making it easier to maintain a calorie deficit without feeling deprived.

Increasing physical activity (specifically total, light, and moderate-to-vigorous activity) or decreasing sedentary time during a dietary energy restriction intervention is associated with a faster rate of weight loss in women with overweight and obesity.

If you are on a calorie-restricted diet to lose weight, try to stay active or increase your daily movement. This paper shows that people who increased their physical activity (even light activity) or reduced their sitting time lost weight faster than those who became more sedentary. You don't need to start a rigorous gym routine; simply maintaining or slightly increasing your daily steps and reducing sedentary time can help you reach your goal sooner.

Increases in total and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during the post-weight loss maintenance phase are associated with less weight regain (or greater weight loss) one year after the intervention.

After you reach your weight loss goal, don't stop moving. This study found that people who kept up or increased their moderate-to-vigorous exercise (like brisk walking or jogging) after losing weight were much more likely to keep it off one year later. Treat your post-goal activity as a permanent part of your lifestyle, not just a tool for getting to the goal.

Weight loss of 3-10% of baseline body weight reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure by approximately 3 mmHg, independent of salt restriction, primarily through decreased sympathetic nervous system activity and improved insulin sensitivity.

If you have high blood pressure and are overweight, aim to lose just 3-10% of your current body weight. You do not need to reach a 'perfect' weight to see benefits; this modest loss can lower blood pressure by about 3 mmHg. Work with a dietitian to achieve this gradually using calorie reduction and behavioral strategies like appetite awareness, rather than crash dieting.

Regular physical activity, including aerobic, dynamic resistance, and isometric training, reduces blood pressure, with isometric training showing significant reductions when performed at ~30% of maximal voluntary contraction.

Engage in 150-300 minutes of moderate aerobic activity (like brisk walking) or 75-150 minutes of vigorous activity weekly. Add resistance training twice a week. If you have limited time or equipment, try isometric exercises (like wall sits or handgrips) at about 30% of your maximum effort. The key is consistency and reducing sedentary time.