Browse the evidence

Higher intake of predominantly high glycaemic carbohydrates was associated with higher CHD risk (HRQ4 v. Q1 2·10, 95 % CI 1·22, 3·63, Ptrend = 0·003).

Practitioners should be cautious about recommending high glycaemic carbohydrate diets due to potential CHD risk.

Lower intake of SFA, specifically from cheese, was associated with higher CHD risk (HRQ4 v. Q1 0·44, 95 % CI 0·24, 0·83, Ptrend = 0·006).

Practitioners should consider the source of SFA, particularly cheese, when advising on dietary fat intake.

Substituting carbohydrates with total fat, but not SFA, was associated with significantly lower risk of CHD (HR 0·75, 95 % CI 0·62, 0·90).

Practitioners may consider recommending fat sources over carbohydrates to lower CHD risk.

After 6 months of semaglutide treatment, participants showed significant reductions in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) by 48%, body mass index (BMI), and preperitoneal and superficial fat.

Semaglutide may be an effective treatment for improving psoriasis severity in obese patients.

Higher intake of white rice (≥450g/d compared with <150g/d) is associated with an increased risk of diabetes (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03-1.41, p for trend=0.003).

Practitioners should consider the potential increased diabetes risk associated with high white rice consumption in dietary recommendations.

The highest risk of diabetes associated with white rice intake was observed in South Asia (HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.17-2.34, p for trend=0.02).

Healthcare providers should be aware of the heightened risk of diabetes in South Asian populations related to white rice consumption.

Lifestyle modifications remain the primary approach to managing MASLD, but their effectiveness is often limited.

Practitioners should be aware of the limitations of lifestyle modifications in MASLD management.

A higher proportion of carbohydrate intake is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes.

Practitioners should consider the carbohydrate intake levels of patients with type 2 diabetes when assessing cardiovascular risk.

The mean total low-carbohydrate diet score and animal low-carbohydrate diet score are inversely associated with the incidence of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.

Encouraging low-carbohydrate dietary patterns may benefit patients with type 2 diabetes in reducing cardiovascular risk.

Women who reported 30.0 g/d or more of liquor intake showed a significantly increased risk of diabetes mellitus compared with those who did not report liquor intake.

High liquor consumption may increase diabetes risk, suggesting moderation is key.

The inverse association with light to moderate drinking was most apparent in women who reported wine or beer drinking.

Encouraging wine or beer over other alcoholic beverages may be beneficial for reducing diabetes risk.

Lifestyle approaches to manage antipsychotic-induced weight gain are recommended but have limitations.

Practitioners should be aware of the limitations of lifestyle interventions in this population.

Higher HbA1c was associated with worse physical function.

Monitoring and managing HbA1c levels may be important for maintaining physical function in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Optimal management of diabetes mellitus-related comorbidities may prevent or reduce the burden of disability associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Healthcare providers should focus on managing comorbidities to enhance quality of life for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Abdominal adiposity is linked to increased mortality in Mexicans.

Health practitioners should consider abdominal adiposity as a significant risk factor for mortality in their assessments.

A cardiac rehabilitation program decreased anthropometric variables and blood pressure figures.

Cardiac rehabilitation can effectively lower blood pressure and improve body composition in patients with cardiovascular disease.

The cardiac rehabilitation program improved lipid metabolism.

Cardiac rehabilitation can enhance lipid profiles in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Fasting serum beta-hydroxybutyrate levels increased from a median of 95 μmoL/l to 185 μmoL/l over eight weeks.

Increased ketone levels can be expected with low-energy meal replacement diets.

Participants with the lowest carbohydrate intake (quartile 4 of LCD) had a 32% higher risk of overall mortality compared to the highest quartile (Q1).

Practitioners should be cautious in recommending low-carbohydrate diets due to potential increased mortality risk.

Low-carbohydrate diets are associated with a 50% higher risk of cardiovascular disease mortality.

Health professionals should consider the cardiovascular risks associated with low-carbohydrate diets.

Pooled data from nine prospective cohort studies indicated a positive association between low-carbohydrate diets and cancer mortality (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.14).

Further research is needed to understand the implications of low-carbohydrate diets on cancer risk.

Four metabolic parameters predict weight gain in Pima Indians: low relative resting metabolic rate (RMR), low level of spontaneous physical activity (SPA), high 24 h respiratory quotient (RQ), and high insulin sensitivity (IS).

Practitioners should consider these metabolic parameters when assessing weight gain risk.

After gaining weight, the original deviation from predicted metabolic values tends to diminish, indicating a decreasing physiological drive for further weight gain.

This suggests that metabolic adaptations may limit further weight gain after initial increases.

Many observational studies have shown an association between variation in body weight and increased morbidity and mortality.

Weight variation may be linked to health risks, warranting monitoring.