Browse the evidence

Liraglutide has additional benefits in reducing cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Liraglutide may be beneficial for patients with T2DM beyond weight loss.

GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, liraglutide) significantly improve cardiovascular biomarkers—including hs-CRP, systolic blood pressure, and lipid profiles—independent of glycemic control.

GLP-1 medications like semaglutide do more than just help you lose weight; they directly improve your heart health markers. They significantly lower systemic inflammation (hs-CRP), improve blood vessel function, lower blood pressure, and improve lipid profiles. These benefits happen even if you don't have diabetes, proving the drug protects your blood vessels directly. You should be aware of the slightly increased risk of gallbladder issues due to rapid weight loss, so your doctor will monitor your baseline risk.

Menopause is associated with a substantial decrease in endogenous oestrogen concentrations and alterations in body weight, adipose tissue distribution, and energy expenditure, which can predispose women to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Practitioners should be aware of the increased risk of T2DM in menopausal women due to hormonal changes.

Hormone Replacement Treatment (HRT) has a favourable effect on glucose homeostasis in women with T2DM.

HRT may be considered for managing glucose levels in menopausal women with T2DM.

Central fat build-up in ordinary/overweight populations is related to increased occurrences of myocardial infarction, heart failure, or all-cause mortality compared to the obese population.

Clinicians should consider fat distribution when assessing cardiovascular risk in patients.

Physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and unhealthy diet moderately contribute to incident diabetes with population-attributable fractions of 8.59%, 6.35%, and 4.47%, respectively.

Encouraging physical activity and healthy eating can reduce diabetes risk in older adults.

Physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and current smoking significantly contribute to the risk of major cardiovascular events with population-attributable fractions of 13.34%, 8.70%, and 3.38%, respectively.

Promoting a healthy lifestyle can lower the risk of cardiovascular events in older adults.

Risks of new-onset diabetes and major cardiovascular events increase simultaneously with worsening lifestyle and metabolic health status.

Monitoring and improving lifestyle and metabolic health can mitigate risks of diabetes and cardiovascular events.

There is a strong correlation between differential glycaemic exposure and cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes.

Practitioners should consider glycaemic exposure as a key factor in managing cardiovascular risk in diabetes.

A minimum study duration and a minimum gain in HbA1c reduction are necessary to drive a relevant risk reduction in CVD risk.

Clinical interventions should focus on achieving significant HbA1c reductions over adequate durations to effectively reduce cardiovascular risk.

Over 10 years, the MTM intervention is anticipated to potentially be associated with 18,257,000 averted hospitalizations and reductions in health care expenditures of $484.5 billion.

Long-term implementation of MTMs could significantly reduce hospitalizations and healthcare costs.

Liquid meal replacements lead to modest reductions in systolic blood pressure of −4.97 mmHg (−7.32 to −2.62).

Using liquid meal replacements may contribute to lowering blood pressure in this population.

GLP1-RA treatment is associated with improvements in mental health-related quality of life compared with placebo (g = 0.15; P < .001).

GLP1-RAs may enhance mental health quality of life in this population.

Patients undergoing metabolic surgery have a lower risk of death compared to those who do not undergo surgery.

Metabolic surgery may improve survival rates in patients with severe obesity and a history of myocardial infarction.

Metabolic surgery is associated with a lower risk of new myocardial infarction.

Metabolic surgery may significantly reduce the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction in this patient group.

The LCD arm increased HDL and reduced triglycerides and HbA1c with no difference in total cholesterol or glucose.

A low-carbohydrate diet may improve certain metabolic markers in men with recurrent prostate cancer.

ω‐3 supplementation prevents immobilization‐induced reductions in mitochondrial content and respiration throughout the immobilization period.

Practitioners may consider recommending ω‐3 supplementation to mitigate muscle atrophy during periods of immobilization.

Only a small fraction of the population with obesity are optimally treated.

There is a need for improved strategies to treat obesity effectively.

There are quantitative sex differences in the response to GLP-1 and its analogs.

Practitioners should consider sex differences when prescribing GLP-1 analogs.

Fish was the largest dietary contributor to n-3 fatty acid intake among the top 15% of consumers.

Encouraging fish consumption can significantly enhance n-3 fatty acid intake among those who are already consuming higher amounts.

Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) is an acceptable alternative for tracking changes in fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) during a combined diet and exercise program in young, athletic men.

Practitioners can use MF-BIA for monitoring body composition changes in similar populations.

Prolonged exercise training improves the acute type II muscle fibre satellite cell response following a single bout of resistance exercise in older men.

Older men can benefit from prolonged exercise training to enhance muscle repair and adaptation.

Type I muscle fibre satellite cell content increased significantly at 24 and 48 hours after a single bout of resistance exercise before the exercise training programme.

Resistance exercise can enhance type I muscle fibre satellite cell content in older adults.

Alterations in metabolism, hormonal status, explosive strength, and psychological aspects of eating were observed during precontest preparation; however, all of these variables recovered quickly postcompetition.

Practitioners should note that while metabolic and hormonal changes occur during preparation, they are reversible postcompetition.