Browse the evidence

The study highlights a persistently elevated pulmonary aspiration risk in patients receiving semaglutide.

Anesthesiologists should be cautious of the increased aspiration risk in patients on semaglutide during surgery.

Up to 40% of adults in the United States have metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Practitioners should be aware of the high prevalence of MASLD in adult patients.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis is now a leading indication for liver transplantation.

Healthcare providers should consider MASLD as a critical factor in liver transplant evaluations.

GLP-1 receptor-based agonists and oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are currently the only available treatments for metabolic diseases.

Practitioners should be aware that current treatment options are limited to GLP-1 receptor-based therapies.

Current GLP-1-based therapies face challenges such as high costs and the need for repeated administration.

Healthcare providers should consider these challenges when prescribing GLP-1 therapies.

Research is ongoing to develop improved GLP-1-based therapies, including oral small-molecule agonists and novel drug delivery strategies.

Practitioners should stay informed about emerging GLP-1 therapies that may improve patient compliance.

The quality of existing clinical evidence from anti-obesity trials generally ranges from low to moderate.

Practitioners should be cautious in interpreting the effectiveness of current anti-obesity medications due to the low to moderate quality of evidence.

Most trials suffered from publication bias.

Practitioners should be aware of potential biases in the published literature on anti-obesity drugs.

Additional higher-quality clinical trials are needed to gain more confidence in the estimate of the effect of currently used anti-obesity medicines.

Practitioners should advocate for and support the conduct of higher-quality trials to improve treatment options for obesity.

Tirzepatide effectively attenuated the rewarding properties of alcohol, measured through locomotor stimulation, conditioned place preference, and accumbal dopamine release.

Tirzepatide may be a potential treatment for reducing alcohol consumption and its rewarding effects.

18F-FDG PET scanning is the most commonly used imaging modality to detect and quantify human BAT activity in vivo.

Clinicians can utilize 18F-FDG PET for assessing BAT activity in patients.

Alternative PET tracers and novel techniques have improved understanding of human BAT physiology.

Emerging imaging techniques can enhance research and clinical understanding of BAT's role in health.

Plasma GLP-1 and PYY responses do not differ between individuals with obesity and lean controls.

This suggests that obesity does not affect the immediate hormonal response of GLP-1 and PYY to a meal.

Tissue concentrations and mRNA expression of GLP-1 and PYY do not differ between individuals with obesity and lean controls.

This indicates that obesity does not alter the local production of GLP-1 and PYY in the gut.

GLP-1 medicines may suppress tumorigenesis through various mechanisms.

Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which GLP-1 medicines may affect tumorigenesis.

GLP-1 RA therapy was associated with a low rate of major adverse events in LVAD patients.

GLP-1 RA appears to be a safe adjunct therapy for LVAD patients.

Individuals with Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) have lower insulin sensitivity (whole-body insulin sensitivity index 2.8 vs 5.3, P < .01) compared to controls.

Practitioners should be aware that FRDA is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity, which may impact metabolic health.

Ongoing research is crucial to confirm the long-term safety, effectiveness, and clinical role of these agents.

Practitioners should stay updated on research developments regarding these oral agents.

GLP-1 RA therapy was not associated with increased incidence of GI cancers.

GLP-1 RAs may be a safer option regarding GI cancer risk for patients with type 2 diabetes.

No significant differences were observed in biliary cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma between GLP-1 RAs and other oral antidiabetic medications.

Clinicians can consider GLP-1 RAs without increased concern for biliary or liver cancer risks.

Incidental exposure to incretin-based medications during early pregnancy is becoming more likely.

Clinicians should be aware of the risks of medication exposure in unplanned pregnancies.

Both drugs are associated with kidney and thyroid disorders.

Healthcare providers should monitor kidney and thyroid function in patients using these medications.

GLP-1RA development traces a century of translational progress from gut hormones to multi-agonist therapeutics.

Understanding the historical context can inform current therapeutic approaches.

None of the four glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1RA therapies were cost-effective compared with lifestyle management.

Practitioners should consider lifestyle management as the most cost-effective option for treating obesity in this population.