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Gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) are common with incretin-based therapies (IBTs), with placebo-subtracted incidences of 5–39% for nausea, −7–39% for diarrhea, 2–31% for constipation, 0–26% for vomiting, and 2–20% for abdominal pain.

Clinicians should be aware of the high incidence of GI AEs when prescribing IBTs.

Most adverse events (AEs) associated with incretin-based therapies (IBTs) are mild or moderate and mainly occur during dose escalation.

Clinicians should monitor patients for mild to moderate AEs, especially during dose increases.

Replacing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) with non-caloric beverages (artificially sweetened (ASB) or unsweetened (USB)) had no effect on pre-specified cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

Practitioners should note that switching to non-caloric beverages may not improve CVD risk factors.

Only 2 out of 41 studies (approximately 5%) reported or assessed dietary intake or evaluated diet changes secondary to GLP-1/GIP RA medication use.

Practitioners should be aware of the lack of dietary assessment in studies involving GLP-1/GIP medications.

The quality of dietary assessment methods used in the studies was categorized as 'poor' and 'acceptable'.

Practitioners should consider the quality of dietary assessment methods when interpreting study results.

The review highlights a major gap in the evidence requiring urgent attention for high-quality research on dietary impacts of GLP-1/GIP medications.

There is a critical need for more rigorous studies to assess dietary changes associated with these medications.

Patients identified three risks associated with obesity treatment.

Understanding these risks can help healthcare providers address patient concerns and improve treatment uptake.

The uptake of obesity treatments remains disproportionally low in people living with the disease.

Healthcare providers should be aware of the low uptake to better engage patients in treatment options.

Metabolic adaptation in energy expenditure (adaptive thermogenesis) was unrelated to the energy cost of weight and fat mass gains.

Weight gain responses may not be influenced by changes in metabolic rate during overfeeding.

Semaglutide did not offer significant advantages in lowering HbA1C levels compared to other hypoglycemic treatments.

Practitioners should be cautious in expecting significant HbA1C improvements with Semaglutide.

Consensus recommendations for safe practices in bariatric and metabolic surgery tourism (BMT) were established by healthcare professionals and patient representatives across Europe.

Healthcare providers should adhere to the established consensus recommendations for BMT.

Further evaluation is required regarding outcomes following bariatric and metabolic surgery tourism.

Ongoing research is essential to assess the effectiveness and safety of BMT practices.

Injectable pharmacotherapies are effective strategies to manage obesity by targeting metabolic pathways.

Practitioners can consider injectable pharmacotherapies as a viable option for obesity management.

Significant weight loss can lead to aesthetic challenges such as skin laxity.

Practitioners should be aware of potential aesthetic issues in patients after significant weight loss.

GLP-1RA use was associated with increased fracture risk in nondiabetic patients who were overweight or obese (3.05% vs. 2.61%, OR 1.19, CI [1.09 to 1.31]).

Practitioners should consider the increased fracture risk when prescribing GLP-1RAs to overweight or obese nondiabetic patients.

In patients with a BMI ≥40, fracture risk was significantly increased with GLP-1RA use (3.15% vs. 1.91%, OR 1.26, CI [1.04 to 1.52]).

Higher BMI patients may require closer monitoring for fracture risk when prescribed GLP-1RAs.

Patients older than 67 years showed a significant increase in fracture risk with GLP-1RA use, particularly those aged 68 to 77 years (5.61% vs. 3.65%, OR 2.25, CI [1.62 to 3.13]) and 78 to 88 years (9.28% vs. 5.10%, OR 4.99, CI [2.68 to 9.26]).

Older patients may be at higher risk for fractures when prescribed GLP-1RAs and should be monitored accordingly.

If access to GLP-1RAs was restricted to people with severe obesity and 50% moved into a lower BMI category, there would be a simulated reduction in cumulative cancer cases of 7476.

Restricting GLP-1RA access to those with severe obesity can still lead to significant cancer case reductions.

Patients receiving semaglutide within 10 days of surgery have a significantly increased risk of residual gastric content compared to a control sample (40% vs. 3%).

Clinicians should be cautious when managing patients on semaglutide in the peri-operative setting due to increased aspiration risk.

Increased residual gastric content was observed regardless of whether patients held semaglutide for 1–7 or 8–10 days pre-operatively.

The duration of holding semaglutide before surgery may not mitigate the risk of residual gastric content.

Increased residual gastric content can persist up to 10 days after stopping subcutaneous semaglutide.

Clinicians may need to consider longer pre-operative interruption intervals for patients on semaglutide to reduce aspiration risk.

Adverse side effects from GLP-1 receptor agonists are mostly gastrointestinal but may also include loss of muscle and bone mass.

Monitor for gastrointestinal side effects and potential muscle and bone mass loss in patients using GLP-1 receptor agonists.

The intervention subjects lost more weight than the control subjects (-4.1 kg vs -2.1 kg), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.22).

Practitioners may consider remote dietitian support for weight loss in patients before joint surgery.

The intervention subjects had higher odds of achieving a BMI of <40 kg/m 2 (odds ratio = 1.9), but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.44).

Practitioners may find that remote interventions can help some patients achieve a healthier BMI before surgery.